Ten Tenets Every Ophthalmologist should know about Collaborative Ocular TB Study (COTS)

“Ocular tuberculosis, a disease that we fear, Stealthily attacks the eyes, year after year. In the dark and quiet, it spreads its deadly grime, Causing pain and inflammation, and a loss of sight sometimes. Choroidal TB is the commonest sight, With serpiginous-like choroiditis, it takes its flight. Retinal vasculitis too, causes so much pain, Ocular tuberculosis, an insidious foe, it will remain. B...Read More

Articles Uvea & Inflammatory Diseases

HLA-B27 associated Acute Anterior Uveitis

Introduction Acute anterior uveitis (AAU) results from a breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier and acute inflammation of the iris and ciliary body. It is the most common form of uveitis encountered the world over. Keratic precipitates (KPs) are characteristic of AAU and represent inflammatory cells that deposit on the corneal endothelium due to the upregulation of adhesion molecules in response t...Read More

Articles Uvea & Inflammatory Diseases

Ocular Toxoplasmosis

Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is the most common cause of posterior uveitis in the world, accounting for over 80% of the cases in some regions[1-5]. For many years, ocular toxoplasmosis was considered to be the result of the recurrence of the congenital form of the disease [6]. However, it is recently believed that acquired infections might be a more important cause of ocular diseases than congenita...Read More

Articles Uvea & Inflammatory Diseases

Ocular Manifestations of HIV

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease is a pandemic of global concern, not only due to serious health issues affecting all organs of the body but also due to its huge economic burden.(1) The diagnosis is often associated with social stigma that includes changing sexual practices, lack of availability of a vaccine and the chronicity of the disease requiring lifelong treatment.(2) The disease r...Read More

Articles Uvea & Inflammatory Diseases

Viral Uveitis

Viral uveitis has myriad presentations. They may present as anterior uveitis, intermediate uveitis, acute retinal necrosis (ARN), progressive outer retinal necrosis (PORN) and neuroretinitis. The causative viruses mainly include herpes group of viruses and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Other DNA viruses which cause uveitis are poxviruses, adenoviruses especially those that produce epidemic k...Read More

Articles Uvea & Inflammatory Diseases

Eales Disease: Current Concepts in Etiopathogenesis and Management

Introduction Eales’ disease is an idiopathic retinal periphlebitis that primarily affects the peripheral retina in young adults. Eales’ disease was first described by Henry Eales, a British ophthalmologist, in 1880 and 1882.1,2 He found it in seven young, male patients ranging in age from 14 to 29 years with recurrent vitreous hemorrhage. In addition, these patients had history of headache, variat...Read More

Articles Uvea & Inflammatory Diseases

Malarial Retinopathy: A Diagnostic Clue

Introduction Malaria is the most important of parasitic diseases of humans and remains today, as it has been for centuries a large burden on tropical communities. Cerebral malaria is the most important complication of falciparum malaria and also the leading cause of death in malaria 1. It is defined as an acute, symmetric encephalopathy associated with sequestration of parasite-infected erythrocyt...Read More

Articles Uvea & Inflammatory Diseases

Seasonal Hyperacute Panuveitis (SHAPU)

Introduction: Seasonal Hyperacute Panuveitis (SHAPU) is a mysterious eye disease with grave prognosis, reported only from Nepal. Though it was reported for the first time in 1975,1-3 no definite etiopathogenesis has been established to date. It occurs as an outbreak in certain regions of Nepal in a cyclical pattern during the autumn season and peaks during the winter season (August–December) only ...Read More

Articles Uvea & Inflammatory Diseases

Uveitic Macular Edema

Introduction: Macular edema is defined as swelling of the layers of neurosensory retina within the macula. Cystoid macular edema (CME) is a subtype of macular edema characterized by extracellular accumulation of fluid within the outer plexiform layer of the retina in the form of intraretinal cyst. It is known as one of the complications, that develops consequent to a final common pathway in divers...Read More

Articles Uvea & Inflammatory Diseases

How do we treat inflammatory CNVM ?

Inflammatory choroidal neovascular membranes (CNVM) cause an acute and significant visual loss 1,2. Mostly affecting eyes with posterior or panuveitis, the chronic recurrent nature of inflammation further worsens the visual prognosis in these eyes, such as serpiginous like choroiditis, punctuate inner choroidopathy (PIC), multifocal choroiditis, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease, presumed ocular ...Read More

Articles Uvea & Inflammatory Diseases