Diplopia Charting: A Ready Reckoner for the Postgraduates
Diplopia charts are kept in postgraduate examinations during viva sessions. Even in theory examinations also, these topics may be asked. It is not difficult to interpret the charts and all PGs should practice recording the results of these charts. Principle: Dissociation of eyes by means of complementary colors. We use red and green goggles (Armstrong google). In diplopia charting, Red is always i...Read More
Top-Ten-Must-Not-Forget-In-Strabismus-Evaluation
1. External face features affecting the eye position Facial asymmetry and palpebral fissure shape changes alter the ocular position, possibly due to extra-ocular muscle heterotopy The common extra-ocular features affecting ocular position are craniosynostosis, hydrocephalus, facial fracture, mongoloid and anti-mongoloid slant, telecanthus, congenital superior oblique palsy (face fuller on the affe...Read More
Diplopia Charting Diplopia chart is the record of separation of the diplopic or double images in the nine positions of gaze. It can be plotted charted in patients who cooperate and can appreciate the double vision and with incomitant or comitant deviation. The method The patient should be comfortable with his head erect and should preferably be still throughout the examination. The test is prefera...Read More
Fun with Prisms in Ophthalmology
What are prisms? Prisms are nothing but a portion of a refracting medium bordered by two plane surfaces that are inclined at a finite angle. Prisms have a thicker portion called the base of the prism and a tapering portion called the apex of the prism. Prisms are oriented with their apex towards the direction of deviation. What happens to light when it enters a prism? Light has particle and wave c...Read More
Duanes Retraction Syndrome Made Ridiculously Simple
Synonyms: Stilling–Turk–Duane syndrome. Duane Retraction Syndrome is a type of congenital cranial dysinnervation which occurs in 1-4% of strabismus cases. It has varied presentation mostly involving variable horizontal duction deficits, with narrowing of the palpebral fissure and globe retraction on attempted adduction, occasionally accompanied by upshoot or down shoots Etiopathogenesis Various th...Read More
Esotropia Made Simple for the Postgraduates
As like other strabismus, esodeviation can be, True esodeviation Pseudo esodeviation A prominent epicanthic folds 1, 2 Negative angle kappa in high myopes. True esodeviation can be either comitant or incomitant 1,2 A. Comitant I. Accommodative esotropia. Refractive accommodative esotropia (normal AC/A ratio) Non Refractive accommodative esotropia (high AC/A ratio) Hypo accommodative esotropia (red...Read More
Learn from the Masters Tips & Tricks in the Management of Pediatric Cataract 2
Read Learn from the Masters Tips & Tricks in the Management of Pediatric Cataract 1 After the discussion on the etiology of pediatric cataracts, and about when and how to operate we go further to know about choosing the IOL formulae, IOL material and power of IOL to be implanted in children. Also, an insight into the post-operative rehabilitation with follow up eOphtha: Considering the varied opin...Read More
Learn from the Masters: Tips & Tricks in the Management of Pediatric Cataract 1
Cataracts in children are one of the most common cause of avoidable blindness. The incidence is in the range of 1.8 to 3.6/10,000 per year and the prevalence is about 1.03 per 10,000 children (0.32– 22.9/10,000). Management at the right time and the right way goes a long way in rehabilitating them . To understand the current practices in management of pediatric cataract Dr. Sowmya R. spoke to a fe...Read More
Ten Commandments in Squint Workup for Postgraduates
Squint is the Ocular Imbalance in which visual axes of both eyes do not meet at the point of regard. It can be regarded as a form of One Eye Blindness since both eyes are not seeing simultaneously, with a squinting eye being suppressed. Hence strabismus must be treated with due care. Squint evaluation can be simplified by the following checklist. Every squint patient must undergo this checklist of...Read More
Intermittent Exotropia Simplified for the Postgraduates
Intermittent exotropia (IXT) is the most common type of strabismus in children as well as adults, especially in the Asian and South Asian populations. Owing to the intermittent nature of exotropia there is usually good binocular function and stereoacuity at near fixation Small-angle exotropia is observed in normal neonates which usually disappears by the age of 2-4 months. Most adults will have sm...Read More