Ocular involvement in TB has been recognized for a long time and was first described in 17111. The spectrum of tuberculosis (TB)-related uveitis is wide. Its diagnosis still remains a challenge due to the lack of uniformity in the diagnostic criteria along with difficulties encountered in confirming the diagnosis by the laboratory methods available. It is a major concern in countries endemic for T...Read More
Articles
Introduction: Syphilis is considered as a great mimicker due to its varied protean manifestations. It was first recognized in Europe in the late 15th century.[1] There have been several hypotheses regarding the origin and spread of syphilis and it is believed that the disease was brought back from the New World by the crew of Christopher Columbus, some of whom likely had syphilis on returning to S...Read More
Ten Pearls for Managing a Case of Tubercular Uveitis
Pattern recognition is critical in the diagnosis and treatment of any form of uveitis. Here are 10 pearls that will make it easier to recognize patterns of presentation and resolution in tubercular uveitis. The general approach to diagnosis: We are all aware of the role of identifying clinical signs of TB in the eye and that of ancillary tests for systemic TB (immunological and radiological). Howe...Read More
Ocular Sarcoidosis: A Review for the Postgraduates
Introduction: Sarcoidosis is a chronic multisystemic granulomatous disorder caused by an exaggerated cellular immune response to a variety of self or non-self-antigens in a genetically predisposed individual resulting in non-caseating granulomas. Ocular involvement occurs in 25-60% of systemic sarcoidosis at some point of time1. In this article, we look at the emerging literature on epidemiology, ...Read More
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis Simplified
Introduction: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is an opportunistic viral posterior uveitis that occurs mostly in severely immunocompromised Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients or, rarely, in those on immunosuppressive therapy after organ transplantation, or who are on systemic corticosteroids.1 More than 75% of AIDS patients with CD4+ counts less than 50 cells/?L have CMV retinitis. ...Read More
Viral Uveitis: Ready reckoner for the Postgraduates
Viral ocular infections can cause sight-threatening diseases in humans either as an isolated ocular infection or as a part of systemic illness. Although many viruses may naturally be harbored in human beings, the common ones causing ocular infections include herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV). They may remain dormant for several years with periodic ...Read More
Ten Pearls for Treatment of TB Uveitis
1. In TB-endemic countries, think of TB as a probable/possible etiology of uveitis in Presence of one or a few large full-thickness choroidal granulomas that show enhanced vascularity/RAP on FFA Retinal periphlebitis with subvascular retinitis/choroiditis lesions/scars that show extensive peripheral retinal ischemia. Multifocal serpiginoid choroiditis/Serpiginous-like choroiditis lesions with vitr...Read More
Retinal vasculitis is an inflammatory disease of the blood vessels of the retina that may be associated with primary ocular conditions or with inflammatory or infectious diseases in other parts of the body (systemic diseases). It has been defined as the vascular leakage and staining of vessel walls on fluorescein angiography, with or without the clinical appearance of fluffy, white perivascular in...Read More
Serpiginous Choroiditis: An Update
The word “serpiginous” is an adjective which means “with a wavy or indented margin”. The serpiginous choroiditis shows the similar wavy or amoeboid like lesions in choroid as a result of inflammation of unknown aetiology. The serpiginous choroiditis may be defined as a chronic, progressive, usually bilateral, recurrent in?ammatory condition which affects the choroid, choriocapillaries and retinal ...Read More
Acute retinal necrosis was first described in Japan by Urayama and colleagues who described six otherwise healthy patients, presented with panuveitis and retinal arteritis developing retinal detachment. At that point of time, this entity was known in the Japanese literature as “Kirisawa uveitis”1.Young and Bird first used the term “bilateral acute retinal necrosis” in 1978 2. In 1982 Culbertson an...Read More