Ten Pearls in the Management of Uveitis
While the diagnosis and treatment of uveitis may seem like a daunting task to the beginner, there are some tips and tricks which help to identify specific uveitides and help in appropriate treatment. If it looks like a duck, swims like a duck and quacks like a duck, chances are, it is probably a duck. 1. Infectious vs Non infectious : It is crucial to make this differentiation as , even though cer...Read More
Differentiating true disc edema from pseudo disc edema: Utility of Multimodal imaging
Papilledema is a term used to define optic disc edema. However, it is specifically used for non-inflammatory, often bilateral, passive edema of the optic nerve head secondary to raised intracranial tension. The cause for raised intracranial pressure can be space-occupying lesions, meningitis, or idiopathic intracranial hypertension. The disc swelling results due to axoplasmic stasis and intracellu...Read More
Dos and Donts of Intraocular Foreign Bodies
Penetrating ocular trauma with retained intraocular foreign body (IOFB) is a relatively common cause of avoidable blindness. IOFB is associated with 18%-41% of penetrating ocular injuries (1) Most of these injuries are workplace related (2). Young working age males are affected by a large majority (1). These patients need thorough evaluation and treatment on a priority basis to reduce visual morbi...Read More
Do's and Don'ts of Managing a Nucleus Drop: A Guide for Beginners
Managing a nucleus drop during cataract surgery is one of the most challenging and critical situations an ophthalmic surgeon may encounter. While it’s a rare occurrence, its management demands quick thinking, precise action, and a thorough understanding of both anterior and posterior segment techniques. The goals are always to preserve vision, prevent complications, and optimize the long-term outc...Read More
Instrumentation for IOFB removal
Removal of a retained intraocular foreign body (IOFB) is one of the very few ophthalmic emergencies which can cause a nightmare like situation at times even for an experienced surgeon. Careful evaluation and meticulous planning can help us achieve good anatomical and functional outcomes in these complex scenarios. It is extremely important to choose the right instrument for removal of IOFB based o...Read More
Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) : Tips & Tricks for Postgraduates
Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR), a century-old procedure described by Toti in the early 1900s, remains the gold standard for treating Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction (NLDO).1 For any other procedure related to the treatment of NLDO, they are all compared and evaluated against DCR. The surgical anatomy overlaps the areas of expertise of an ophthalmologist or an oculoplastic specialist and an otolaryngolo...Read More
Cyclic esotropia is a rare form of non-accommodative convergent strabismus which present as 24-hour period of straight eye position followed by 24 hours of large-angle esotropia1. Burian in 1958 described Cyclic esotropia for the first time in English literature2. Duke-Elder3 described the “Cyclic Squint” as a “rare and curious condition which invariably takes the form of a temporary esotropia.” E...Read More
Current Trends and Techniques in Pneumatic Retinopexy
Introduction Over the past few decades, the approach to treating primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) has undergone significant changes. Initially, scleral buckle (SB) was the standard method, followed by the occasional use of pneumatic retinopexy (PnR), and more recently, pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). This shift has primarily been driven by technological advancements rather than conside...Read More
Trauma to the iris can present in various ways depending on its severity and location. Tear at the iris root leads to Iridodialysis, while tears at the pupillary border can damage the sphincter muscle, leading to a partially reactive, atonic or Mydriatic pupil. Tears can be full thickness or partial thickness. Full thickness defect involves the iris stroma and partial thickness involves only the p...Read More
Seven Important OCT Signs in CNVM
1. Type of macular neovascularisation (MNV): Macular neovascularisation (MNV) is a broad disease entity characterised by the development of the abnormal vessels arising either from the retinal vasculature (deep capillary plexus) or choroidal vasculature (choriocapillaris). Choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) is a subtype of MNV, characterised by the abnormal growths of blood vessels from the cho...Read More