Ocular Histopathology: A ready reckoner
Basic histology of the eye Eyelid: Each eyelid consists of skin, subcutaneous tissue, striated muscle fibers of orbicularis oculi, orbital septum and tarsal plates, smooth muscle and conjunctiva. The skin contains sebaceous glands and small sweat glands.The eyelashes are more numerous in the uppereyelid than in the lower. The sebaceous glands of Zeis open into each follicle. Histological photograp...Read More
Retinablastoma:The current concepts
Introduction Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignancy in children, with a reported incidence ranging from 1 in 15,000 to 1 in 18,000 live births.1 It is second only to uveal melanoma in the frequency of occurrence of malignant intraocular tumors. There is no racial or gender predisposition in the incidence of retinoblastoma. Retinoblastoma is bilateral in about 25 to 35% of cases. ...Read More
The cornea is the transparent tissue that covers the front of the eye.It forms anterior 1/6th of the outer fibrous coat of eyeball. The word cornea has come from “Kerato”. The term “Kerato” in greek means horn or shield like. Ancient Greek used to believe that cornea is derived from same material like that of thinly sliced horn of animal. Embryology: Structure Derived from Corneal epithelium Surfa...Read More
The crystalline lens is a unique transparent, biconvex, avascular intraocular structure with slightly more curved posterior surface .The radius of curvature of anterior surface is 10 mm and that of posterior surface is 6 mm. Lens is a unique structure, which contains cells of a single type, in various stages of differentiation Topography: The center of the anterior surface is called anterior pole ...Read More
Vitreous is a transparent, colour less gel like structure which occupies the posterior compartment of the eye. It comprises about 80% of the total volume of the globe (two third of total volume of eye), about 4mL. The surfaces of the intraocular structures that interface with vitreous are mainly basement membrane in nature e.g. pars plana of cilliary body, internal limiting membrane of retina and ...Read More
Anterior chamber is an angular space bounded anteriorly by the posterior (inner) surface of the cornea and posteriorly by the anterior surface of the iris and a part of cilliary body. Boundary of anterior chamber: Anteriorly Posteriorly Inner surface of the cornea At periphery, trabecular meshwork Lens, Anterior surface of the iris and Anterior face of the ciliary body Anterior chamber is 3 mm dee...Read More
The term sclera is derived from Greek word scleros meaning "hard".Sclera is an opaque, elastic, and resilient tissue of the eye. It can be compared with an incomplete shell comprising approximately 90% (five-sixths) of the outer coat of the eye. Anteriorly it begins at the limbus and terminates at the optic nerve canal posteriorly. The primary function of the sclera is to protect the eye and maint...Read More
Studies and trials in ophthalmology Diabetic Retinopathy Study (DRS) Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) Diabetic Retinopathy Vitrectomy Study (DRVS) Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Sorbinil Retin...Read More
Standard Diagnostic Criteria for various conditions Diagnostic criteria for acute retinal necrosis: American Uveitis Society Diagnostic Criteria for Behçet’s Disease Diagnostic Criteria for Birdshot Chorioretinopathy for Research Purposes ICHD-II Diagnostic Criteria for Cluster Headache Diagnostic criteria for cryptophthalmos syndrome Diagnostic criteria for Kawasaki disease Criteria for Diagnosis...Read More
‘Science only advances when unexpected observations cause a frame shift in our previously held beliefs’. Karl Popper Case reports are the best ways to start publishing and it can be a valuable tool for both the author and the reader. Though there are numerous ways for medical writing; case reports are the best ways to start publishing. From Hippocrates (460B.C. to 370 B.C.) to modern-day practice,...Read More