Anterior chamber is an angular space bounded anteriorly by the posterior (inner) surface of the cornea and posteriorly by the anterior surface of the iris and a part of cilliary body. Boundary of anterior chamber: Anteriorly Posteriorly Inner surface of the cornea At periphery, trabecular meshwork Lens, Anterior surface of the iris and Anterior face of the ciliary body Anterior chamber is 3 mm dee...Read More
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The term sclera is derived from Greek word scleros meaning "hard".Sclera is an opaque, elastic, and resilient tissue of the eye. It can be compared with an incomplete shell comprising approximately 90% (five-sixths) of the outer coat of the eye. Anteriorly it begins at the limbus and terminates at the optic nerve canal posteriorly. The primary function of the sclera is to protect the eye and maint...Read More
Studies and trials in ophthalmology Diabetic Retinopathy Study (DRS) Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) Diabetic Retinopathy Vitrectomy Study (DRVS) Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Sorbinil Retin...Read More
Standard Diagnostic Criteria for various conditions Diagnostic criteria for acute retinal necrosis: American Uveitis Society Diagnostic Criteria for Behçet’s Disease Diagnostic Criteria for Birdshot Chorioretinopathy for Research Purposes ICHD-II Diagnostic Criteria for Cluster Headache Diagnostic criteria for cryptophthalmos syndrome Diagnostic criteria for Kawasaki disease Criteria for Diagnosis...Read More
‘Science only advances when unexpected observations cause a frame shift in our previously held beliefs’. Karl Popper Case reports are the best ways to start publishing and it can be a valuable tool for both the author and the reader. Though there are numerous ways for medical writing; case reports are the best ways to start publishing. From Hippocrates (460B.C. to 370 B.C.) to modern-day practice,...Read More
OCT in Age Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) and Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy (PCV)
Optical Coherence tomography (OCT) has revolutionized the way we look at retinal disorders. The earliest version of OCT was the time domain OCT following which spectral domain OCT arrived. Advances such as enhanced depth imaging and swept source OCT have furthered our understanding of retinal disorders. Beginning from the early 90s , OCT has vastly improved the way we diagnose, prognosticate , tre...Read More
Introduction: The goals of wound closure include obliteration of dead space, even distribution of tension along deep suture lines, maintenance of tensile strength across the wound until tissue tensile strength is adequate, and approximation and eversion of the epithelial portion of the closure. Methods for mechanical wound closure include staples, tape, adhesive, and sutures. Each method has speci...Read More
Advanced Custom Ablation: New Technology for Better Quality of Vision
LASIK is the most widely used technology for the correction of most spherocylindrical ametropias because of its safety and its predictability that leads to excellent outcomes for both the patient and the surgeon. Over the years there has been a progressive refinement of the technique. Customised correction of refractive errors using wavefront technology has revolutionised the way we plan and execu...Read More
Normal Values in Ophthalmology
PARAMETER VALUES Diameter of eye ball Antero posterior 24 mm Lateral (horizontal) 23.5 mm Vertical 23 mm Axial length of eye ball At birth 18 mm At 3 yrs age 23 mm At 14 yrs age 24 mm Circumference of eye ball 75 mm Volume of eye ball 6.5 ml Weight of eye ball 7 gm Diameter of ant surface of cornea horizontal 11.75 mm vertical 11 mm Diameter of posterior surface of cornea 11.5 mm Thickness of corn...Read More
How to evaluate a Humphrey Visual field in Practical Examination
Visual field is the part of environment that is visible to the steadily fixing eye. The limits of visual field for each fixing eye is 60 degrees superiorly and nasally, 75 degrees inferiorly and 110 degrees temporally. Fig 1 shows the normal island of vision as described by TRAQUAIR. The hill is highest at fixation, where the visual sensitivity is highest and as we go peripherally the height of hi...Read More