Recurrent Corneal Erosion Syndrome - A Review
Introduction: Recurrent corneal erosion syndrome (RCES) is a chronic, relapsing condition first described by Hansen1, who termed it as ‘‘intermittent neuralgic vesicular keratitis.’’ Stood in 1901 suggested that trauma to the corneal epithelium and anterior stroma resulted in an inability of the new epithelium to form normal attachments to the injured anterior Bowman’s layer 2. Despite more than a...Read More
Corneal Trauma and its Management
Introduction The cornea is prone to a variety of injuries by virtue of its location as the window of the eye. Apart from chemical injuries, physical trauma to the cornea can range from epithelial abrasions to loss of integrity of the stroma. Corneal injuries of this nature can occur in two distinct populations – in young children from play-related activities, and in young adults from due to their ...Read More
A New Paradigm for Refractive Surgery: SMILE-Small Incision Lenticule Extraction
Automated lamellar keratoplasty (ALK) was a technique to physically remove a refractive lenticule (the lenticule was merely a disc of corneal tissue) from the cornea after lifting a hinged flap and exposing the stroma. A mechanical microkeratome was used to do both steps of the ALK procedure. In the LASIK procedure, the refractive lenticule was ablated with the excimer laser, while the hinged flap...Read More
Ten Pearls for Corneal Scrapping
The management of microbial keratitis requires corneal scraping material for smear and culture. Scraping is a superficial keratectomy procedure to procure samples from central infiltrates or any infiltrate more than 2 mm in size. Stain/ wet mount gives a rapid clue to the diagnosis to initiate appropriate therapy. Inoculation of the sample on culture media help identify the offending organism and ...Read More
Ten Tenets One Should know on Conjunctival Hooding
Ocular surface anatomy The ocular surface, in a strict sense, consists of the cornea and its major support tissue, the conjunctiva. In a wider anatomical, embryological, and also functional sense, the ocular mucosal adnexa (i.e. the lacrimal gland and the lacrimal drainage system) also belong to the ocular surface. The ocular surface occupies approximately 2.2 cm2 of the human body surface area [1...Read More
Ten Tenets on Corneal Collagen Crosslinking
Corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) is a minimally invasive procedure that is currently the gold standard treatment to arrest the progression of corneal ectatic conditions. It promotes the induction of crosslinks in stromal collagen of the cornea, thereby strengthening and stiffening the cornea in ectatic conditions. 1.HISTORY It was observed that corneas in diabetic patients were stiffer due to t...Read More
Learn from the Masters: Endothelial Keratoplasty
Endothelial keratoplasty involves selective replacement of the diseased host endothelium with a healthy tissue. Because of its advantages over traditional penetrating keratoplasty, it has become the procedure of choice for corneal endothelial disorders. In last two decades the technique of endothelial keratoplasty has underwent tremendous modifications to improve visual outcome and reduce complica...Read More
Ten Pearls for The Management of Pseudophakic Corneal Edema
Corneal edema refers to the accumulation of excess fluid in the corneal layers, with a loss of corneal clarity, resulting in vision loss. The normal cornea maintains a state of 78% hydration due to a complex interplay between stromal swelling pressure, the barrier function of the epithelium and endothelium, endothelial pump, tear evaporation and intraocular pressure [1]. Any condition that interfe...Read More
Learn from the Masters : Tips & Tricks of Managing Dry Eye
As we all know that India is on the brink of a dry eye disease epidemic, this interview with the maestros in this field will help us to streamline our approach in managing the increasing number of dry eye patients. The availability of innumerable diagnostic tests always baffles us about how to use what in which time. The need for an integrated scheme in assessing and prognosticating dry eye cases ...Read More
Corneal Dystrophy: A Ready Reckoner for Postgraduates
Corneal dystrophies are classically defined as a group of inherited disorders of the cornea which is bilateral, symmetric, slowly progressive, and not related to any environmental or systemic factors.1,2 Most of the corneal dystrophies begin in the early decades of life and progress gradually. The effect of these changes in some of the dystrophies may not be clinically apparent till the later year...Read More