A Beginner's Guide to Ultrasound Biomicroscopy
Introduction: Anterior segment ocular imaging has gone through various inventions starting from the ultrasound in the 20th century to the recent AS- OCT.1 Ultrasound bio-microscopy, one of the ocular imaging devices is a high-resolution technique, which allows in vivo assessment of the structures of the anterior segment of the eye where cross-sectional images of ocular structures are obtained at m...Read More
Clinical Applications of Multicolor Imaging
Multicolor imaging (MCI) is a non-invasive retinal imaging modality available in the Spectralis platform (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). It simultaneously acquires three reflectance images of the retina using three individual lasers of different wavelengths: blue (488 nm), green (515 nm), and infrared (820 nm). These penetrate the tissue to different depths, simultaneously capturing...Read More
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis Simplified
Introduction: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is an opportunistic viral posterior uveitis that occurs mostly in severely immunocompromised Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients or, rarely, in those on immunosuppressive therapy after organ transplantation, or who are on systemic corticosteroids.1 More than 75% of AIDS patients with CD4+ counts less than 50 cells/?L have CMV retinitis. ...Read More
Viral Uveitis: Ready reckoner for the Postgraduates
Viral ocular infections can cause sight-threatening diseases in humans either as an isolated ocular infection or as a part of systemic illness. Although many viruses may naturally be harbored in human beings, the common ones causing ocular infections include herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV). They may remain dormant for several years with periodic ...Read More
Dos and Donts In Managing Cluster Endophthalmitis
“Everything in life has some risk, and what you have to actually learn to do is how to navigate it.” -Reid Hoffman The above quote holds true for any surgical procedure whether minor or major. The biggest fear of any surgical intervention is that of infection postoperatively. Infection can occur in the best of hands and also in the most modern operating rooms. Cataract surgery is one of the most c...Read More
Learn from the Masters : Viral Keratitis Decoded
Viral Infections are more commonly encountered in individual practice than what presents in tertiary or referral eye care. Its presentation is myriad & baffling often a misdiagnosis as bacterial or fungal causing more harm. Also, with more choices on the availability of antivirals, individual practice varies. Here we discuss key presenting clinical features & know from the leading cornea experts t...Read More
Various Classifications and Grading Systems in Oculoplasty
Introduction: Grading & Classification of diseases is an ever-evolving concept. This article is a collection of various clinical grading and Classification systems in the practice of various Oculoplasty and Orbital diseases. These grading systems are useful for Trainee doctors, PG students, PG residents, and optometrists which will help them in preparations of various examinations and the initial ...Read More
Valved Drainage Devices for Pediatric Glaucoma
Introduction Pediatric glaucoma includes a wide variety of conditions that result in elevated intraocular pressure and optic nerve damage, ranging from primary congenital glaucoma since birth to developmental glaucoma associated with other diseases and acquired glaucoma secondary to multiple causes. Depending on the age of the patient, it presents with particular features and circumstances that ne...Read More
Understanding Optic Disc Pallor- Shades of White
Introduction The optic nerve consists of approximately 1.2 million axons that arise from the retinal ganglion cells and acquire myelin sheath proximal to lamina cribrosa. These axons do not have the capacity to regenerate. The normal optic disc is pink in color due to the fact that light entering the optic disc is conducted along the transparent nerve fibers and they diffuse among columns of glial...Read More
Peek into the Past - Strabismus as a Subspecialty in India
The most exciting thing is to revisit and know when and how it all started. As the saying goes, "You've got to always go back in time if you want to move forward," so what better way than to talk to pioneers in the field of strabismus to know the past to forge into a great future in strabismology. Dr. Sowmya R spoke to the pioneers in the field to know the history of strabismology and share th...Read More