Retinablastoma:The current concepts
Introduction Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignancy in children, with a reported incidence ranging from 1 in 15,000 to 1 in 18,000 live births.1 It is second only to uveal melanoma in the frequency of occurrence of malignant intraocular tumors. There is no racial or gender predisposition in the incidence of retinoblastoma. Retinoblastoma is bilateral in about 25 to 35% of cases. ...Read More
OCT in Age Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) and Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy (PCV)
Optical Coherence tomography (OCT) has revolutionized the way we look at retinal disorders. The earliest version of OCT was the time domain OCT following which spectral domain OCT arrived. Advances such as enhanced depth imaging and swept source OCT have furthered our understanding of retinal disorders. Beginning from the early 90s , OCT has vastly improved the way we diagnose, prognosticate , tre...Read More
Advanced Custom Ablation: New Technology for Better Quality of Vision
LASIK is the most widely used technology for the correction of most spherocylindrical ametropias because of its safety and its predictability that leads to excellent outcomes for both the patient and the surgeon. Over the years there has been a progressive refinement of the technique. Customised correction of refractive errors using wavefront technology has revolutionised the way we plan and execu...Read More
Acute retinal necrosis was first described in Japan by Urayama and colleagues who described six otherwise healthy patients, presented with panuveitis and retinal arteritis developing retinal detachment. At that point of time, this entity was known in the Japanese literature as “Kirisawa uveitis”1.Young and Bird first used the term “bilateral acute retinal necrosis” in 1978 2. In 1982 Culbertson an...Read More
Diabetic maculopathy is the most common cause of visual impairment in patients with diabetes mellitus. Classification Diabetic maculopathy is classified as – Exudative Maculopathy Ischemic Maculopathy Mixed Maculopathy 1. Exudative Maculopathy (Diabetic Macular Edema) It is diagnosed stereoscopically as retinal thickening within 1 disc diameter of the center of the macula using fundus biomicroscop...Read More
Endophthalmitis Management in India: a decade and half after the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study
The current management of post-cataract surgery acute endophthalmitis is greatly influenced by the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study (EVS). The EVS was a multicentric randomized clinical trial that had asked two important questions: (1) Is vitrectomy necessary in all cases of post intraocular lens (IOL) acute bacterial endophthalmitis? and (2) Does systemic antibiotics help in these cases? The EVS ...Read More
INTRODUCTION: There are several definitions for dry eye available in world literature. The one that I prefer is the following: Dry eye is a disease in which there is a qualitative and /or quantitative decline in the tears accompanied by disorders of the ocular surface. The new definition proposed by the Dry Eye Workshop (DEWS) in 2006-07 states: Dry eye is a multifactorial disease of tear film & o...Read More