How to examine a case of strabismus ?
There is no substitute to good history obtained at the start of the examination As history gives us a direction to look for, and find pertinent signs aiding in diagnosis and management. The various presenting complaints could range from abnormal head posture, deviation noticed by parents or friends, intermittent eye closure, double vision and so on. Some important points to be noted in patients wi...Read More
Capsulorhexis was pioneered and popularized by Howard Gimbel. Capsulorhexis is probably the most challenging to learn in cataract surgery, in other words, once a good rhexis is done half the battle is won. All the Post- Graduates and beginners struggle to do rhexis. This article has compiled small tips and tricks to do rhexis better. Ideally, rhexis should be continuous and curvilinear i.e Circula...Read More
Introduction Intraocular lymphoma, a great non-infective masquerader occurs intraocularly in either the vitreoretinal( primary vitreoretinal lymphoma PVRL)) or in the uveal space( primary choroidal, iris lymphoma). By definition, PVRL denotes the presence of pathology limited to vitreoretinal space without its occurrence in the central nervous system. The term ‘primary’ is however controversial as...Read More
WHAT IS CORNEAL TOPOGRAPHY? Corneal topography is the study of the shape of the corneal surface. Traditionally, such measurements were limited to the near-spherical central portion of the anterior corneal surface. With the advent of corneal refractive procedures, the necessity to study the more peripheral parts of the cornea and to understand better the optics of both the anterior and posterior co...Read More
Lattice degeneration of the retina
Lattice degeneration is a vitreoretinal degenerative process of the peripheral retina with visible lesions that predispose to retinal tears and detachment. Vitreous traction at sites of significant vitreoretinal adhesion is responsible for most retinal breaks that lead to retinal detachment. GOALS of identifying the patients with risk of RD are: Identify patients at risk of RRD Examine patients wi...Read More
Persistent Fetal Vasculature Syndrome
It is a congenital ocular disorder where fetal vasculature persists. It can be either subtle (no disturbance in vision) or severe (profound visual loss) Anatomy The fetal vasculature is composed of two parts: Tunica vasculosa lentis: It is situated anteriorly encircling the lens. It has anterior and posterior divisions. Anterior division has additional attachments to the pupillary frill of the ir...Read More
Introduction Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a fibrovascular proliferative disorder, which affects the developing peripheral retinal vasculature of premature infants. It is an avoidable cause of blindness in children. The initial signs of ROP are detectable by a few weeks after birth, and the condition progresses rapidly thereafter. This means that screening has to be timely, and there is only...Read More
Pan Retinal Photocoagulation (PRP), Focal Laser & Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) Technique & Tips.
Introduction ‘LASER’ is acronym for “Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission Radiation.” This describes the emission process by which an intense beam of electromagnetic radiation is generated Basic Properties of Laser Always monochromatic (one wavelength) Collimated (all photons run parallel) & focused to a small point Coherent (always in same phase) Highest possible speed Physics Certain subst...Read More
Conjunctiva is a fine, translucent mucous membrane that joins and covers the anterior surface of eyeball and posterior side of the eyelids. It covers the posterior surface of the lids and reflects to cover the anterior part of the sclera, then becomes continuous with the corneal epithelium. At the lid margin conjunctiva is continuous with the skin. The name “conjunctiva” has originated from the te...Read More
A Practical Guide to Data Analysis
One of the important components of your thesis is analyzing your data. This can range from a few percentages as in a small descriptive study to a more detailed analysis. While collecting data for your thesis it is important to give some thought to what the important parameters that you would want to study are. Make sure that you collect adequate information about these parameters and that you ente...Read More