In recent times, eyelid injuries are on the rise primarily because of the increasing incidence of road traffic accidents, industrial mishaps and intentional assaults on the human body. Injury to the eyelids, lacrimal system or orbital wall may be isolated or may occur in association with mid facial injuries. History A precise history is essential to assess the severity of the injury. In some cases...Read More
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Scientific Writing: Common Pitfalls & How to Avoid Them
The preceding chapters have given us a fair idea of how to go about writing an original manuscript for publication: the why, the what, and the how of manuscript writing. We have been primed with inspiration, research tools, and the nitty-gritty of techniques to carve out an original contribution to science from the banalities of repetitious clinical routines. But before we jump headlong into the u...Read More
Modern imaging modalities in the field of the retina have expanded our understanding of common pathologies including diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR), and many rare retinal diseases such as dystrophies, which were poorly understood before. This chapter describes newer emerging techniques in retinal imaging which enables adva...Read More
Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis - FIVE Important Points We Should Know
Allergic conjunctivitis, which includes a spectrum of clinical entities is one of the most common conditions with which patients present to a general ophthalmologist. They include milder forms like seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis as well as severe forms like vernal and atopic which can be sight-threatening. In spite of common clinical and immunological features vernal keratoconjunct...Read More
How to examine a case of strabismus ?
There is no substitute to good history obtained at the start of the examination As history gives us a direction to look for, and find pertinent signs aiding in diagnosis and management. The various presenting complaints could range from abnormal head posture, deviation noticed by parents or friends, intermittent eye closure, double vision and so on. Some important points to be noted in patients wi...Read More
Capsulorhexis was pioneered and popularized by Howard Gimbel. Capsulorhexis is probably the most challenging to learn in cataract surgery, in other words, once a good rhexis is done half the battle is won. All the Post- Graduates and beginners struggle to do rhexis. This article has compiled small tips and tricks to do rhexis better. Ideally, rhexis should be continuous and curvilinear i.e Circula...Read More
Introduction Intraocular lymphoma, a great non-infective masquerader occurs intraocularly in either the vitreoretinal( primary vitreoretinal lymphoma PVRL)) or in the uveal space( primary choroidal, iris lymphoma). By definition, PVRL denotes the presence of pathology limited to vitreoretinal space without its occurrence in the central nervous system. The term ‘primary’ is however controversial as...Read More
WHAT IS CORNEAL TOPOGRAPHY? Corneal topography is the study of the shape of the corneal surface. Traditionally, such measurements were limited to the near-spherical central portion of the anterior corneal surface. With the advent of corneal refractive procedures, the necessity to study the more peripheral parts of the cornea and to understand better the optics of both the anterior and posterior co...Read More
Lattice degeneration of the retina
Lattice degeneration is a vitreoretinal degenerative process of the peripheral retina with visible lesions that predispose to retinal tears and detachment. Vitreous traction at sites of significant vitreoretinal adhesion is responsible for most retinal breaks that lead to retinal detachment. GOALS of identifying the patients with risk of RD are: Identify patients at risk of RRD Examine patients wi...Read More
Persistent Fetal Vasculature Syndrome
It is a congenital ocular disorder where fetal vasculature persists. It can be either subtle (no disturbance in vision) or severe (profound visual loss) Anatomy The fetal vasculature is composed of two parts: Tunica vasculosa lentis: It is situated anteriorly encircling the lens. It has anterior and posterior divisions. Anterior division has additional attachments to the pupillary frill of the ir...Read More