Introduction Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a fibrovascular proliferative disorder, which affects the developing peripheral retinal vasculature of premature infants. It is an avoidable cause of blindness in children. The initial signs of ROP are detectable by a few weeks after birth, and the condition progresses rapidly thereafter. This means that screening has to be timely, and there is only...Read More
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Pan Retinal Photocoagulation (PRP), Focal Laser & Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) Technique & Tips.
Introduction ‘LASER’ is acronym for “Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission Radiation.” This describes the emission process by which an intense beam of electromagnetic radiation is generated Basic Properties of Laser Always monochromatic (one wavelength) Collimated (all photons run parallel) & focused to a small point Coherent (always in same phase) Highest possible speed Physics Certain subst...Read More
Conjunctiva is a fine, translucent mucous membrane that joins and covers the anterior surface of eyeball and posterior side of the eyelids. It covers the posterior surface of the lids and reflects to cover the anterior part of the sclera, then becomes continuous with the corneal epithelium. At the lid margin conjunctiva is continuous with the skin. The name “conjunctiva” has originated from the te...Read More
A Practical Guide to Data Analysis
One of the important components of your thesis is analyzing your data. This can range from a few percentages as in a small descriptive study to a more detailed analysis. While collecting data for your thesis it is important to give some thought to what the important parameters that you would want to study are. Make sure that you collect adequate information about these parameters and that you ente...Read More
Ten Tips and Tricks to Examine a child in Your Practice
1. Choosing the best time: Train your clinic receptionist to ask the parents when the child is likely to be cooperative and/or awake. It is not uncommon for infants to sleep a lot during the day. It is also not uncommon for children on anti-seizure medication to be sleepy, thereby making examination difficult. 2. Child-friendly atmosphere: Train your staff to speak to the child and address the chi...Read More
Diplopia Charting Diplopia chart is the record of separation of the diplopic or double images in the nine positions of gaze. It can be plotted charted in patients who cooperate and can appreciate the double vision and with incomitant or comitant deviation. The method The patient should be comfortable with his head erect and should preferably be still throughout the examination. The test is prefera...Read More
FIve Points You Must Note While Examining An Optic Disc
Disc size A normal disk can be of small size and a normal disk can be of a larger size; size by itself does not determine glaucoma. It is relevant because the disk size determines the C:D ratio and the neuroretinal rim thereof. In a large disc one would expect a large cup and a large neuroretinal rim and in a small disc there is usually no cup. Disc size should be grouped as normal, small or large...Read More
Viral uveitis has myriad presentations. They may present as anterior uveitis, intermediate uveitis, acute retinal necrosis (ARN), progressive outer retinal necrosis (PORN) and neuroretinitis. The causative viruses mainly include herpes group of viruses and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Other DNA viruses which cause uveitis are poxviruses, adenoviruses especially those that produce epidemic k...Read More
Beginners Guide for Performing Vitrectomy
Know your cutter and machine. Current generation vitrectomy cutters work by guillotine mechanism where vacuum holds the Vitreous fibers and presents it to guillotine blade that severs it in one swift motion without exerting significant on fibers. The cutting process needs a fine balance between the speed of cutting and the “pull” created by the vacuum. Higher cutting rates like 10000 cpm allow the...Read More
A Beginners Guide to Ophthalmic Surgical Microscope
An operating surgical microscope is the most important optical instrument in the modern era of ophthalmic surgeries. It provides the surgeon with a magnified and illuminated high-quality image of the small ophthalmic structures. Being binocular the surgical microscopes gives the additional benefit of high-quality stereoscopy. History The first German doctor to use a stereomicroscope was Dr. Hans H...Read More