A 65-year-old male presented to the OPD with complaints of painless, gradually progressive dimunision of vision of the right eye over several months. History of Present Illness: The Patient was apparently normal 1 year ago since when he noticed dimunision of vision of the right eye by closing the left eye by chance. The vision progressively got worse. No h/o pain, watering, halos, glare or double ...Read More
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Question A 35-year-old otherwise healthy female ( computer professional) presented with OU diminution noticed recently. BCVA OD 6/12 N6 and OS 6/18 N8. Anterior segment including IOP were normal in both eyes. Fundus examination revealed as depicted in the color fundus photo. What is the diagnosis( a differential is preferred) How do you manage this case Answer: The diagnosis is Stargardt’s Disease...Read More
Mendeley Reference Manager: A Step-by-step Guide
Reference managers (such as Mendeley, Zotero, Endnote) are applications that help scientific writers to search, store and organize literature. Additionally, these platforms allow to systematically insert citations and references in any chosen style while writing manuscripts. These tools allow changing reference style with a few clicks. Reference managers are tools made aiming at academicians and a...Read More
Brief Scenario of The Case: A 50-year-old male patient was seen on 27th January 2021 with a chief complain of sudden painful loss of vision in his right eye for 1 week after lifting a heavyweight object at work. History of Present Illness: The patient’s only complain was a black spot and decreased vision in an otherwise normal right eye, which occurred after lifting a heavyweight object (100 kg) a...Read More
i-File: Fuchs Endothelial Dystrophy
A 55-year-old female presented to the Cornea clinic with gradually progressive diminution of vision in both eyes for 1 year, which was associated with intermittent photophobia and colored haloes around lights, especially on waking up in the morning. The blurry vision gradually became clearer as the day progressed. No history of associated pain, watering, redness, itching, or discharge. Past Ocular...Read More
i-File: Idiopathic Juxtafoveal Retinal Telangiectasia
Question A 61-year-old presented with OU diminution of vision. He complains of distortion of letters which he has noticed in the last few months. He is a well-controlled diabetic for 13 years. There are no other systemic issues. Examination revealed a BCVA of OD 6/18(P) N8, OS 6/24 N8. The anterior segment is unremarkable except for pseudophakia OU (no e/o PCO). Fundus and FFA as shown What is the...Read More
i-File: Retinal arterial macroaneurysm (RAM)
Question A 52-year-old female presented with sudden onset blurring of vision in OD for 2 weeks. She is a known case of hypothyroidism on regular treatment. There is no other systemic illness. The best-corrected visual acuity in OD was 6/36(p) N12 and 6/6 N6 in OS. The anterior segment is unremarkable. The fundus is as shown: What is the most probable diagnosis? How will you manage the case (invest...Read More
Question A healthy 26-year-male presented with sudden onset diminution of vision in OS of 1-week duration. The loss of vision was not associated with any trauma, pain, redness. No history of flashes. No previous history of a similar episode. On examination BCVA OD: 6/9 N6; OS: HM. Anterior segment unremarkable OU. Fundus: OD: as depicted in the fundus and FFA, OS: had a dense vitreous hemorrhage W...Read More
Balancing Clinical and Research Work
How does one balance between clinical and research work? This is an often-repeated question-probably because the answer is never clear. The fulcrum of the balance is not the same for everyone. Let us pause for a while and try to define certain things to bring clarity. What is clinical work? This is perhaps best defined as the time and effort involved in direct care of patients. Obviously, it also ...Read More
Facial Spasms: Diagnosis and Management
Introduction Dystonia is defined as a movement disorder characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle contractions causing abnormal, often repetitive, movements, postures, or both [1]. They may be isolated or combined with other neurological symptoms or movement disorders [1]. Dystonia is classified based on the age of onset, etiology, clinical features, and body distribution. The body distrib...Read More