Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease is a pandemic of global concern, not only due to serious health issues affecting all organs of the body but also due to its huge economic burden.(1) The diagnosis is often associated with social stigma that includes changing sexual practices, lack of availability of a vaccine and the chronicity of the disease requiring lifelong treatment.(2) The disease r...Read More
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Ten Pearls for Tunnel Construction in SICS
SICS is the most commonly performed cataract surgery by young budding surgeons. Young postgraduates are introduced to the world of ophthalmological surgery via SICS. Initially, every new surgeon struggles to make good scleral tunnel and capsulorhexis. These TOP TEN pearls will make young surgeons confident to achieve textbook tunnel. 1. Good Visualization: If you can see well, you can do well. Pro...Read More
A 23 years old female presented to the ophthalmology clinic with complaints of blurring of vision in the left eye since the past 4-5 days with associated mild pain around the left eye, mainly on ocular movements History of Present Illness: Patient did not give any history of associated nausea, vomiting, headache, tingling numbness or limb weakness. There was no history of any preceding febrile ill...Read More
Diplopia Charting: A Ready Reckoner for the Postgraduates
Diplopia charts are kept in postgraduate examinations during viva sessions. Even in theory examinations also, these topics may be asked. It is not difficult to interpret the charts and all PGs should practice recording the results of these charts. Principle: Dissociation of eyes by means of complementary colors. We use red and green goggles (Armstrong google). In diplopia charting, Red is always i...Read More
Anti-VEGFs made Easy for the Postgraduates
The retina is a highly metabolic tissue and needs a constant high supply of oxygen. Insult to either choroidal or retinal vasculature can lead to a hypoxic state. Throughout the years, neovascularization has been seen to occur in areas neighboring such hypoxic areas. In 1989, this hypoxia-inducible and diffusible factor was discovered to be Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), initially coin...Read More
Normal flora /Microbiome of the Eye: 10 Facts
1. Definition of Microbiome Microbiomes are communities of organisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses) that normally reside on any part of the human body (both external and internal) and are in a symbiotic relationship with the host. The members of the microbiome live in close harmony, sharing food and shelter and offering benefits to each other, e.g. some members give protection by secreting extracellul...Read More
i-File: Normal Tension Glaucoma
Chief Complaint: A 37 years old male presented to us with a history of progressive deterioration of vision on 30/09/2020. History of Present Illness: He was diagnosed elsewhere to have glaucoma and came to us for further management. Past Ocular History: He was already on on Latanoprost ED HS, Dorzolamide + Timolol combination BD. The patient underwent Trabeculectomy in both eyes in the year 2010 a...Read More