Ten Clinical Signs A Postgraduate Must Look For While Examining the Fundus
1. Red Dots! : Microaneurysms Seen in Diabetic Retinopathy, retinal vein occlusions, hypertensive retinopathy, radiation retinopathy. Microaneurysms are usually the first ophthalmoscopically detectable sign of diabetic retinopathy. They are focal saccular outpouchings of the capillary wall due to pericyte loss. Arise from the deep part of the inner retinal capillary plexus, and are present in the ...Read More
Ten Points One Must Know on Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome (TASS)
TASS is an uncommon, non-infectious condition causing severe inflammation of the anterior segment structures without vitreous involvement [1],[2],[5]. The name TASS was coined by Monson and colleagues in 1992 [1],[3]. It is usually associated with phacoemulsification surgery but can also happen after procedures like penetrating keratoplasty, descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty, d...Read More
Ocular accommodation is an integral visual function that optimizes the visual perception through the focusing ability of the crystalline lens. This closed-loop system constantly interacts with the oculomotor system for finer focusing and alignment of the eyes under naturalistic binocular viewing conditions. This write-up is intended to provide an overview of the commonest anomalies of accommodatio...Read More
How to Make Your Online Presence Felt : Tips & Tricks
Introduction Covid has accelerated the digital shift for healthcare. We all know that It was probably going to take a few more years to happen but now as more and more people take the digital route for any requirement they may have, it becomes important for business owners to think about their online presence. This is true even for ophthalmologists. More so for those who have established their own...Read More
Retina Case Presentation in Practical Exam: 10 Tips
DNB practical exam is a time-bound test of knowledge, presentation skills, swiftness and presence of mind. In the exam, a candidate usually gets 4 long cases with 20 mins per case (a whole 2 minutes more than you can take to write each answer in the theory exam). That usually includes 2 anterior and 2 posterior segment cases. Although 2 posterior segment cases may seem like a daunting task, there ...Read More
Pearls for Practical Exam in Ophthalmology for Postgraduates
Facing PG practical examination in ophthalmology is not difficult. However, the student must prepare properly to face it. Please remember the examiners are coming to help only. Therefore, the student should not be afraid of the examiners. Preparations for the practical exams During the course The preparation to face the exams is a continuous process starting from the beginning of the course. Stude...Read More
How to Present a Case of Corneal Ulcer in the Examination
1. Obtain a detailed history : a. A history of injury and the injuring agent - some pointers from this would be the occurrence of fungal infections in injuries with vegetable matter/insect wing cases; bacillus infections in patients with broomstick injuries; gram-positive infections with metal foreign bodies and so on b. A history of past such similar episodes - typically, this suggests the possib...Read More
Papilledema- A Ready Reckoner for Postgraduates
Introduction Papilledema is used to describe optic disc edema resulting from increased intracranial pressure while disc edema could be due to any cause. While disc edema can be unilateral or bilateral, papilledema is usually bilateral, however, it can be asymmetric, to begin with. Another important differential of true papilledema is pseudo papilledema which is seen in conditions like a small hype...Read More
Astigmatism - The clinical pearls in Refractive care
Preface: Astigmatism is a common type of refractive error that we come across in vision clinics on a regular basis. It causes the deterioration of retinal image quality and leads to specific vision-related symptoms. Prevalence of this condition is reported to vary with age, gender, and ethnicity. The clinical diagnosis and management of astigmatism necessitate an understanding of its nature and ch...Read More
Ocular Oncology Basics: Salient Points from The Pandora's Box
RETINOBLASTOMA Grouping: Clinical determination of the extent of disease with the focus being the eye. It is a preoperative evaluation with the main outcome being the salvagable status of vision or the eye. Staging: It combines clinical, various imaging, and post-operative histopathological results to determine the extent of the disease. The main outcome is focused on the survival of the patient. ...Read More