A Practical Guide to Data Analysis
One of the important components of your thesis is analyzing your data. This can range from a few percentages as in a small descriptive study to a more detailed analysis. While collecting data for your thesis it is important to give some thought to what the important parameters that you would want to study are. Make sure that you collect adequate information about these parameters and that you ente...Read More
Diplopia Charting Diplopia chart is the record of separation of the diplopic or double images in the nine positions of gaze. It can be plotted charted in patients who cooperate and can appreciate the double vision and with incomitant or comitant deviation. The method The patient should be comfortable with his head erect and should preferably be still throughout the examination. The test is prefera...Read More
Beginners Guide for Performing Vitrectomy
Know your cutter and machine. Current generation vitrectomy cutters work by guillotine mechanism where vacuum holds the Vitreous fibers and presents it to guillotine blade that severs it in one swift motion without exerting significant on fibers. The cutting process needs a fine balance between the speed of cutting and the “pull” created by the vacuum. Higher cutting rates like 10000 cpm allow the...Read More
A Beginners Guide to Ophthalmic Surgical Microscope
An operating surgical microscope is the most important optical instrument in the modern era of ophthalmic surgeries. It provides the surgeon with a magnified and illuminated high-quality image of the small ophthalmic structures. Being binocular the surgical microscopes gives the additional benefit of high-quality stereoscopy. History The first German doctor to use a stereomicroscope was Dr. Hans H...Read More
Documentation & Drawing in Ophthalmology
Anterior segment finding Documentations From the days of Hippocrates documentation has been a cornerstone of clinical science. But somewhere down the line this has become a lost art rarely ever practiced by many of us. We tend to ignore or to say correctly run away from it under many pretexts like its time consuming, it’s of no use, etc. And surprisingly this resistance to document is prevalent no...Read More
Cornea Edema : Ready Reckoner for the Post Graduates
Corneal edema is defined as the increase in the thickness of cornea due to the accumulation of extracellular fluid in epithelium and stroma resulting in loss of corneal transparency. Pathophysiology: Cornea remains in a relatively dehydrated state maintaining a 78% hydration level. Corneal hydration depends on 5 factors. 1. Stromal swelling pressure (SP) This is the tendency of stroma to swell due...Read More
Refraction Simplified for the Post Graduates
The optics of the eye normally creates a clear image by refracting rays of light to focus on the retina. Imperfections in this optical system create aberrations and thus blurred images. The goal is to analyze them and devise a means to eliminate them. Lower order aberrations are primarily refractive errors when parallel rays of light after refracting, do not focus on the retina with accommodation ...Read More
Duanes Retraction Syndrome Made Ridiculously Simple
Synonyms: Stilling–Turk–Duane syndrome. Duane Retraction Syndrome is a type of congenital cranial dysinnervation which occurs in 1-4% of strabismus cases. It has varied presentation mostly involving variable horizontal duction deficits, with narrowing of the palpebral fissure and globe retraction on attempted adduction, occasionally accompanied by upshoot or down shoots Etiopathogenesis Various th...Read More