Ten Caveats in Primary Posterior Capsulorhexis and Anterior Vitrectomy in Pediatric Cataracts

Unlike in adults , the risk of risk of developing visual axis opacification (VAO) after cataract surgery in children is nearly 100%.[1,2] Hence the need for primary posterior capsulotomy (PPC) and anterior vitrectomy (automated/manual) in pediatric cataract surgeries.Let us answer the few salient features of PPC and AV in following ten questions , 1. Why PPC is needed? The anterior hyaloid face in...Read More

Articles Pediatric Ophthalmology

Six Useful Apps and Glasses for Colourblind Patients: A Guide for Ophthalmologists

Colourblindness makes many everyday tasks difficult—such as recognizing traffic signals, selecting clothes, or interpreting colour-coded information. For those affected, even simple activities can become challenging. At present, there is no permanent treatment available for colourblindness. However, ophthalmologists can play an important role in improving patients’ daily lives by recommending effe...Read More

Articles Miscellaneous

Retinopathy Of Prematurity: 10 Things for the Ophthalmologist to Know

1. The birth of ROP: Retinopathy of prematurity ROP was born as a corollary of improved neonatal care when smaller/ more premature babies began to survive with oxygen support. While a number of risk factors have been studied, prematurity and oxygen have emerged as major driving factors in the pathogenesis of ROP. Animal models have provided deeper insights into understanding this relatively new bl...Read More

Articles Retina & Vitreous

New Frontiers in Uveitis Management: Five Drugs to Watch

The management of uveitis is rapidly evolving with the introduction of novel therapeutic molecules targeting key inflammatory pathways. This article highlights five promising drugs currently under clinical evaluation, offering hope for more effective and safer treatment options. While early results are encouraging, most of these agents are yet to complete phase 3 trials, and their long-term safety...Read More

Articles Uvea & Inflammatory Diseases

Ten Pearls in the Management of Uveitis

While the diagnosis and treatment of uveitis may seem like a daunting task to the beginner, there are some tips and tricks which help to identify specific uveitides and help in appropriate treatment. If it looks like a duck, swims like a duck and quacks like a duck, chances are, it is probably a duck. 1. Infectious vs Non infectious : It is crucial to make this differentiation as , even though cer...Read More

Articles Uvea & Inflammatory Diseases

Differentiating true disc edema from pseudo disc edema: Utility of Multimodal imaging

Papilledema is a term used to define optic disc edema. However, it is specifically used for non-inflammatory, often bilateral, passive edema of the optic nerve head secondary to raised intracranial tension. The cause for raised intracranial pressure can be space-occupying lesions, meningitis, or idiopathic intracranial hypertension. The disc swelling results due to axoplasmic stasis and intracellu...Read More

Articles Neurophthalmology

Dos and Donts of Intraocular Foreign Bodies

Penetrating ocular trauma with retained intraocular foreign body (IOFB) is a relatively common cause of avoidable blindness. IOFB is associated with 18%-41% of penetrating ocular injuries (1) Most of these injuries are workplace related (2). Young working age males are affected by a large majority (1). These patients need thorough evaluation and treatment on a priority basis to reduce visual morbi...Read More

Articles Miscellaneous

Do's and Don'ts of Managing a Nucleus Drop: A Guide for Beginners

Managing a nucleus drop during cataract surgery is one of the most challenging and critical situations an ophthalmic surgeon may encounter. While it’s a rare occurrence, its management demands quick thinking, precise action, and a thorough understanding of both anterior and posterior segment techniques. The goals are always to preserve vision, prevent complications, and optimize the long-term outc...Read More

Articles Retina & Vitreous

Instrumentation for IOFB removal

Removal of a retained intraocular foreign body (IOFB) is one of the very few ophthalmic emergencies which can cause a nightmare like situation at times even for an experienced surgeon. Careful evaluation and meticulous planning can help us achieve good anatomical and functional outcomes in these complex scenarios. It is extremely important to choose the right instrument for removal of IOFB based o...Read More

Articles Miscellaneous

Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) : Tips & Tricks for Postgraduates

Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR), a century-old procedure described by Toti in the early 1900s, remains the gold standard for treating Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction (NLDO).1 For any other procedure related to the treatment of NLDO, they are all compared and evaluated against DCR. The surgical anatomy overlaps the areas of expertise of an ophthalmologist or an oculoplastic specialist and an otolaryngolo...Read More

Articles Oculoplasty