Case presentation: A 65-year-old man presented to our clinic with gradually progressive protrusion and swelling of both eyes and double vision for 1 year associated with progressive drooping of the right upper eyelid. There is acute onset of pain in the left eye for 10 days. A smoker for 25 years. Past ocular history No h/o previous ocular surgery or trauma Past medical history The patient is a di...Read More
Articles
Pearls in the Diagnosis and Management of Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral-Mucormycosis
“The more you know about the past, the better you are prepared for the future.” – Theodore Roosevelt 1. Elicit adequate history Considering the lethal and angio-invasive nature of Rhino-Orbital-Cerebral-Mucormycosis (ROCM) supplemented in this COVID-19 era, it is mandatory to understand the causative factors of the disease. Diabetes mellitus, oral and systemic corticosteroids, immunosuppressive dr...Read More
Ten Microbiological Facts on Mucormycosis All Ophthalmologists Should Know
The present overview highlights major microbiological aspects of mucormycosis and attempts to increase the awareness of this ubiquitous group of fungi that are responsible for the difficult-to-manage infections presently being encountered in the setting of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. 1. What is Mucormycosis and why is mucormycosis emerging as a serious threat in the present COVID-19 pandemic? M...Read More
Ten Mistakes to Avoid while Treating a Case of Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetic Retinopathy is a common retinal disorder that is seen, managed, and followed up by not only a retina specialist but all ophthalmologists. It is a disease that is easy to diagnose, but often difficult to manage in a long run. For achieving optimal results besides the role of an ophthalmologist, one needs to have the involvement of a physician. The single most important factor for achieving...Read More
Seven Tips to Treat A Treatment Resistant Microbial keratitis
Microbial keratitis is a common potentially sight-threatening condition and is considered an ocular emergency. Managing them brings forth multiple challenges to the ophthalmologist one of them being to primarily distinguish an infective from non-infective keratitis. Based on signs, symptoms, history, and laboratory investigations a treatment plan is laid out which is modified based on clinical res...Read More
Trials in Glaucoma You Should Know
Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS) This multicentric trial recruited 1,632 patients of ocular hypertension (OHT) to answer two questions. First, if early treatment in patients of OHT with topical medication would prevent the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Second, which patients of OHT are more likely to develop POAG, in other words, what are the risk factors for conversion fr...Read More
Simple Limbal Epithelial Transplantation: A Review
I. Introduction The cornea is lined by non-keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium. At the limbus, there is a gradual transition of these cells to non-keratinized, stratified columnar epithelial cells, along with mucin-secreting goblet cells, forming the conjunctival epithelium. The corneoscleral limbus lies between these two epithelia in a healthy eye. The limbus contains palisades of Vogt, t...Read More
A 65-year-old male presented to the OPD with complaints of painless, gradually progressive dimunision of vision of the right eye over several months. History of Present Illness: The Patient was apparently normal 1 year ago since when he noticed dimunision of vision of the right eye by closing the left eye by chance. The vision progressively got worse. No h/o pain, watering, halos, glare or double ...Read More
Facial Spasms: Diagnosis and Management
Introduction Dystonia is defined as a movement disorder characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle contractions causing abnormal, often repetitive, movements, postures, or both [1]. They may be isolated or combined with other neurological symptoms or movement disorders [1]. Dystonia is classified based on the age of onset, etiology, clinical features, and body distribution. The body distrib...Read More
Choroidal Neovascular Membrane: Made Easy For Postgraduates
Introduction Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) or choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) is a growth of new choroidal vessels into the subretinal space through breaks in the Bruch's membrane. Ophthalmoscopically the CNVM appears as a greenish-grey lesion, often with a detachment of the sensory retina, subretinal blood, and exudates. Choroidal neovascularization can be multifactorial with the c...Read More