Diplopia Charting Diplopia chart is the record of separation of the diplopic or double images in the nine positions of gaze. It can be plotted charted in patients who cooperate and can appreciate the double vision and with incomitant or comitant deviation. The method The patient should be comfortable with his head erect and should preferably be still throughout the examination. The test is prefera...Read More
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FIve Points You Must Note While Examining An Optic Disc
Disc size A normal disk can be of small size and a normal disk can be of a larger size; size by itself does not determine glaucoma. It is relevant because the disk size determines the C:D ratio and the neuroretinal rim thereof. In a large disc one would expect a large cup and a large neuroretinal rim and in a small disc there is usually no cup. Disc size should be grouped as normal, small or large...Read More
Viral uveitis has myriad presentations. They may present as anterior uveitis, intermediate uveitis, acute retinal necrosis (ARN), progressive outer retinal necrosis (PORN) and neuroretinitis. The causative viruses mainly include herpes group of viruses and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Other DNA viruses which cause uveitis are poxviruses, adenoviruses especially those that produce epidemic k...Read More
Beginners Guide for Performing Vitrectomy
Know your cutter and machine. Current generation vitrectomy cutters work by guillotine mechanism where vacuum holds the Vitreous fibers and presents it to guillotine blade that severs it in one swift motion without exerting significant on fibers. The cutting process needs a fine balance between the speed of cutting and the “pull” created by the vacuum. Higher cutting rates like 10000 cpm allow the...Read More
A Beginners Guide to Ophthalmic Surgical Microscope
An operating surgical microscope is the most important optical instrument in the modern era of ophthalmic surgeries. It provides the surgeon with a magnified and illuminated high-quality image of the small ophthalmic structures. Being binocular the surgical microscopes gives the additional benefit of high-quality stereoscopy. History The first German doctor to use a stereomicroscope was Dr. Hans H...Read More
Documentation & Drawing in Ophthalmology
Anterior segment finding Documentations From the days of Hippocrates documentation has been a cornerstone of clinical science. But somewhere down the line this has become a lost art rarely ever practiced by many of us. We tend to ignore or to say correctly run away from it under many pretexts like its time consuming, it’s of no use, etc. And surprisingly this resistance to document is prevalent no...Read More
How to Excel In Microsoft Excel
Introduction: Microsoft Excel is a vital tool for collecting and analyzing research data. It is available on the Windows platform and seamlessly works on different versions of the Windows operating system. It comes as a part of the Microsoft Office suite and is available with most basic Office versions. Though working on Excel does not require extraordinary knowledge of computers; it does require ...Read More
Introduction Recent advances in the pathogenesis, classification, and surgical intervention of idiopathic macular holes have generated a renewed interest in this entity. Better indicators of the visual outcome, as well as refinements in the surgical technique, have led to improvements in the success of macular hole surgery. Clinical characterization and theories on the pathogenesis of macular hole...Read More
Eales Disease: Current Concepts in Etiopathogenesis and Management
Introduction Eales’ disease is an idiopathic retinal periphlebitis that primarily affects the peripheral retina in young adults. Eales’ disease was first described by Henry Eales, a British ophthalmologist, in 1880 and 1882.1,2 He found it in seven young, male patients ranging in age from 14 to 29 years with recurrent vitreous hemorrhage. In addition, these patients had history of headache, variat...Read More
Malarial Retinopathy: A Diagnostic Clue
Introduction Malaria is the most important of parasitic diseases of humans and remains today, as it has been for centuries a large burden on tropical communities. Cerebral malaria is the most important complication of falciparum malaria and also the leading cause of death in malaria 1. It is defined as an acute, symmetric encephalopathy associated with sequestration of parasite-infected erythrocyt...Read More