A 60-year male presented with C/O diminution of vision in the Right Eye. The patient is not a known case of any known systemic illness, although gives a vague c/o chest pain and the occasional headache. Examination revealed a vision of 4/60 with an IOP of 16mmHg as measured by GAT. The right Eye reveals the unremarkable anterior segment with minimal lenticular changes. Vitreous cavity quiet with f...Read More
Vitreoretina
Retina Case Presentation in Practical Exam: 10 Tips
DNB practical exam is a time-bound test of knowledge, presentation skills, swiftness and presence of mind. In the exam, a candidate usually gets 4 long cases with 20 mins per case (a whole 2 minutes more than you can take to write each answer in the theory exam). That usually includes 2 anterior and 2 posterior segment cases. Although 2 posterior segment cases may seem like a daunting task, there ...Read More
Ocular Oncology Basics: Diagnosis of Intraocular Malignancies
“Declare the past, diagnose the present, foretell the future.” Hippocrates In this section, I will deal with various diagnostic methods which are common in practice for the diagnosis of mainly Intraocular malignancies. Diagnostic modalities used for extraocular malignancies will be considered in the respective chapters. 1.History Even though the twenty-first century has seen a boom in the diagnost...Read More
Ocular Oncology Basics: Genetics
Twenty first century has seen a giant leap in the understanding of human genetics. Based on the human genome project humans are supposed to have roughly 20,000 to 25,000 genes. Genes are the fundamental units of heredity. To understand genetics involved in various ocular pathologies a basic understanding is essential. The following discussion will provide an overview of basic concepts in genetics ...Read More
Ocular Oncology Basics: Treatment Strategies In Intraocular Malignancies
“Cancer can take away all of my physical abilities. It cannot touch my mind, it cannot touch my heart, and it cannot touch my soul.” Jim Valvano Treating malignancies I believe, brings the true human spirit forward of the treating physician. Breaking the news of malignancy to a patient is as heartbreaking for the physician as it is for the patient. Yet the doctor must keep his feelings aside and d...Read More
Ten Mistakes to Avoid while Treating a Case of Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetic Retinopathy is a common retinal disorder that is seen, managed, and followed up by not only a retina specialist but all ophthalmologists. It is a disease that is easy to diagnose, but often difficult to manage in a long run. For achieving optimal results besides the role of an ophthalmologist, one needs to have the involvement of a physician. The single most important factor for achieving...Read More
Question A 35-year-old otherwise healthy female ( computer professional) presented with OU diminution noticed recently. BCVA OD 6/12 N6 and OS 6/18 N8. Anterior segment including IOP were normal in both eyes. Fundus examination revealed as depicted in the color fundus photo. What is the diagnosis( a differential is preferred) How do you manage this case Answer: The diagnosis is Stargardt’s Disease...Read More
Brief Scenario of The Case: A 50-year-old male patient was seen on 27th January 2021 with a chief complain of sudden painful loss of vision in his right eye for 1 week after lifting a heavyweight object at work. History of Present Illness: The patient’s only complain was a black spot and decreased vision in an otherwise normal right eye, which occurred after lifting a heavyweight object (100 kg) a...Read More
i-File: Idiopathic Juxtafoveal Retinal Telangiectasia
Question A 61-year-old presented with OU diminution of vision. He complains of distortion of letters which he has noticed in the last few months. He is a well-controlled diabetic for 13 years. There are no other systemic issues. Examination revealed a BCVA of OD 6/18(P) N8, OS 6/24 N8. The anterior segment is unremarkable except for pseudophakia OU (no e/o PCO). Fundus and FFA as shown What is the...Read More
i-File: Retinal arterial macroaneurysm (RAM)
Question A 52-year-old female presented with sudden onset blurring of vision in OD for 2 weeks. She is a known case of hypothyroidism on regular treatment. There is no other systemic illness. The best-corrected visual acuity in OD was 6/36(p) N12 and 6/6 N6 in OS. The anterior segment is unremarkable. The fundus is as shown: What is the most probable diagnosis? How will you manage the case (invest...Read More