Ten Pearls for Eyelid Tear Management
1. Key Points Eyelid injuries may be associated with ocular, orbital, and even intracranial injuries hence always rule out associated systemic trauma, occult globe injuries, or traumatic optic neuropathy. Globe involvement has been reported to be around 61% with eyelid injuries. Management of intra-ocular or systemic injuries takes precedence. The presence of orbital fat in the wound indicates the...Read More
Ten Tenets One Should know on Conjunctival Hooding
Ocular surface anatomy The ocular surface, in a strict sense, consists of the cornea and its major support tissue, the conjunctiva. In a wider anatomical, embryological, and also functional sense, the ocular mucosal adnexa (i.e. the lacrimal gland and the lacrimal drainage system) also belong to the ocular surface. The ocular surface occupies approximately 2.2 cm2 of the human body surface area [1...Read More
Ten Tenets on Corneal Collagen Crosslinking
Corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) is a minimally invasive procedure that is currently the gold standard treatment to arrest the progression of corneal ectatic conditions. It promotes the induction of crosslinks in stromal collagen of the cornea, thereby strengthening and stiffening the cornea in ectatic conditions. 1.HISTORY It was observed that corneas in diabetic patients were stiffer due to t...Read More
Ten Pearls for Phacoemulsification in a Soft Cataract
Soft cataracts are usually seen in pediatric or young adult patients. We encounter them more frequently nowadays due to the increasing patient awareness and evolving lifestyle requirements which bring the patients earlier to the clinic. Another important reason behind the increasing number of soft cataracts in our surgical practice is the fact that the number of pars plana vitrectomies is increasi...Read More
Ten Tips for Management of Nystagmus
Nystagmus is defined as an involuntary rhythmic oscillation of one or both the eyes. Clinical assessment and eye movement recordings are important to diagnose and classify nystagmus. It is essential to have patience while examining a child, as anxiety often increases nystagmus. 1.Classification Physiological eye movements have to be differentiated from pathological eye movements. The older etiolog...Read More
Ten Tips for Phacoemulsification in Small Pupil
Phacoemulsification in eyes with preoperative non-dilating pupil or with intraoperative miosis is fraught with complications [1,2]. The following tips will help understand the small pupil and optimize strategy to deliver better outcomes. 1. Every eye is an IFIS candidate; Reduce threshold for using Pupil expansion devices: Since its original association with tamsulosin intake, Intraoperative Flopp...Read More
Retinoblastoma : Top Ten Tenets for an Ophthalmologist
1.Common and Curable Retinoblastoma is the most common childhood ocular malignancy. Annually there are about 6000 new cases worldwide. It is most commonly diagnosed at 15-18 months of age although in developing countries, older children also present with the disease. It is potentially curable if detected early and with proper management. Currently, the survival rate is as high as 95% with 90% eye ...Read More
ILM Peeling Simplified - Ten Tips for the Beginners
1 How to choose the right cases to start Idiopathic macular hole in non-myopic eye is a good case. ILM comes off as a single sheet and underlying retina is healthy. Same applies to traumatic macular holes. Beginners can also start peeling ILM in eyes with epiretinal membrane. Unsuccessful peeling may not jeopardize the long-term outcome significantly here. Peeling ILM for Myopic macular holes or i...Read More
Ten Commandments in Squint Workup for Postgraduates
Squint is the Ocular Imbalance in which visual axes of both eyes do not meet at the point of regard. It can be regarded as a form of One Eye Blindness since both eyes are not seeing simultaneously, with a squinting eye being suppressed. Hence strabismus must be treated with due care. Squint evaluation can be simplified by the following checklist. Every squint patient must undergo this checklist of...Read More
Ten Pearls for The Management of Pseudophakic Corneal Edema
Corneal edema refers to the accumulation of excess fluid in the corneal layers, with a loss of corneal clarity, resulting in vision loss. The normal cornea maintains a state of 78% hydration due to a complex interplay between stromal swelling pressure, the barrier function of the epithelium and endothelium, endothelial pump, tear evaporation and intraocular pressure [1]. Any condition that interfe...Read More