How to evaluate a Humphrey Visual field in Practical Examination
Visual field is the part of environment that is visible to the steadily fixing eye. The limits of visual field for each fixing eye is 60 degrees superiorly and nasally, 75 degrees inferiorly and 110 degrees temporally. Fig 1 shows the normal island of vision as described by TRAQUAIR. The hill is highest at fixation, where the visual sensitivity is highest and as we go peripherally the height of hi...Read More
Acute retinal necrosis was first described in Japan by Urayama and colleagues who described six otherwise healthy patients, presented with panuveitis and retinal arteritis developing retinal detachment. At that point of time, this entity was known in the Japanese literature as “Kirisawa uveitis”1.Young and Bird first used the term “bilateral acute retinal necrosis” in 1978 2. In 1982 Culbertson an...Read More
Diabetic maculopathy is the most common cause of visual impairment in patients with diabetes mellitus. Classification Diabetic maculopathy is classified as – Exudative Maculopathy Ischemic Maculopathy Mixed Maculopathy 1. Exudative Maculopathy (Diabetic Macular Edema) It is diagnosed stereoscopically as retinal thickening within 1 disc diameter of the center of the macula using fundus biomicroscop...Read More
Endophthalmitis Management in India: a decade and half after the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study
The current management of post-cataract surgery acute endophthalmitis is greatly influenced by the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study (EVS). The EVS was a multicentric randomized clinical trial that had asked two important questions: (1) Is vitrectomy necessary in all cases of post intraocular lens (IOL) acute bacterial endophthalmitis? and (2) Does systemic antibiotics help in these cases? The EVS ...Read More
INTRODUCTION: There are several definitions for dry eye available in world literature. The one that I prefer is the following: Dry eye is a disease in which there is a qualitative and /or quantitative decline in the tears accompanied by disorders of the ocular surface. The new definition proposed by the Dry Eye Workshop (DEWS) in 2006-07 states: Dry eye is a multifactorial disease of tear film & o...Read More
Peripheral Retinal Degenerations
The peripheral retina extends from equator to ora serrata , comprises of extensive degenerative changes and anatomical variations with clinical importance in certain situations indicating the importance of meticulous examination of peripheral retina with indirect ophthalmoscopy. Anatomically, peripheral retinal degenerations can be categorized in the following ways : Vitreo-retinal degenerations :...Read More
