Ten Pearls in Interpreting Humphrey Visual Field
A visual field encompasses the area of space or area of the external environment that is seen by a steadily fixating eye. Advances in the technology of visual field testing have changed our clinical perception of normal and abnormal fields of vision. It is of great importance to diagnose and monitor optic nerve diseases, notably glaucoma. Automated perimetry is now the current gold standard for bo...Read More
Monocular elevation Deficit/ Double elevator palsy
Definition: Double elevator palsy is classically defined as a congenital inability to elevate one eye, with the limitation more in abduction than adduction.1 MED is most often associated with ptosis/pseudoptosis. The word Double elevator palsy was coined by Dunlap to describe the weakness affecting both muscles of elevation i.e. superior rectus and inferior oblique. Pathogenesis/Theories: 2 Superi...Read More
Down's Syndrome: Ten Points All Ophthalmologists Should Know
Down’s syndrome is a trisomy caused by an extra copy of chromosome 211. The extrachromosomal material is transmitted either by non-disjunction, unbalanced translocation, or mosaicism. It is the most common chromosomal anomaly seen in live births2. As an ophthalmologist, it is important to screen for ocular abnormalities since the incidence of ophthalmic disorders is between 46-100%3. One study fou...Read More
Making Sclerotomy Ports during a Vitreoretinal Surgery: Tips, Tricks and Concerns
The advancement of vitreous surgery from the 20-gauge (20G) era to the present day Transconjunctival Sutureless Vitrectomy (TVS) has favorably transformed patient outcomes in the surgical management of retinal diseases. The 20G system (O’Malley and Heintz, 1974) has been the gold standard technique in modern vitreous surgery for nearly three decades, beginning from the earliest 17G vitrectomy as i...Read More
Complications of Penetrating Keratoplasty
Penetrating keratoplasty (PK) is a procedure in which full-thickness host corneal tissue is replaced with donor corneal tissue. Objectives of PK maybe Optical-to establish a clear visual axis or to minimize refractive error in severely distorted corneas Tectonic-to provide structural integrity Therapeutic-to eliminate infection Occasionally for cosmoses Complications of PK may be divided as intrao...Read More
