Introduction A pterygium is a fibrovascular, wing-shaped encroachment of the conjunctiva onto the cornea, usually in the horizontal meridian of the palpebral fissure. Histopathology shows hyaline degeneration with elastotic proliferation. Risk factors Exposure to ultraviolet light and environmental microtrauma to the ocular surface is thought to predispose to pterygium formation. A localized limba...Read More
Conjunctiva
Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis - FIVE Important Points We Should Know
Allergic conjunctivitis, which includes a spectrum of clinical entities is one of the most common conditions with which patients present to a general ophthalmologist. They include milder forms like seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis as well as severe forms like vernal and atopic which can be sight-threatening. In spite of common clinical and immunological features vernal keratoconjunct...Read More
Conjunctiva is a fine, translucent mucous membrane that joins and covers the anterior surface of eyeball and posterior side of the eyelids. It covers the posterior surface of the lids and reflects to cover the anterior part of the sclera, then becomes continuous with the corneal epithelium. At the lid margin conjunctiva is continuous with the skin. The name “conjunctiva” has originated from the te...Read More
Ten Tenets One Should know on Conjunctival Hooding
Ocular surface anatomy The ocular surface, in a strict sense, consists of the cornea and its major support tissue, the conjunctiva. In a wider anatomical, embryological, and also functional sense, the ocular mucosal adnexa (i.e. the lacrimal gland and the lacrimal drainage system) also belong to the ocular surface. The ocular surface occupies approximately 2.2 cm2 of the human body surface area [1...Read More
Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia
A. Introduction There have been multiple refinements in the terminology of the epithelial squamous neoplasia until the introduction of the term “Ocular surface squamous neoplasia” (OSSN) by Lee and Hirst in 19951. OSSN is an umbrella term and refers to a spectrum ranging from mild/moderate/severe dysplasia to carcinoma in situ to invasive squamous cell carcinoma involving the conjunctiva and/or co...Read More