Students Gallery

41–50 of 71 articles Page 5 of 8
  1. 2 Apr 2021 12 min read

    Writing the Materials and Methods and Summarizing the Thesis

    One of the most important steps of performing a thesis is “PLANNING” for it. The plan comes after the rationale for the study has been established and existing literature reviewed thoroughly. Executing the plan is easier said than done and requires rigor at every step to accumulate high-quality data. The document containing this “PLAN” is called the “Manual of Operations” (MOP) and represents all the procedural details essential to ensure the smooth performance of each and every step of the study. While writing a scientific manuscript, it is not only important to report the results of the study but also to enumerate the steps followed to arrive at the results. The latter is referred to as the “Materials and Methods” or simply methods section of the scientific manuscript. It should be described in sufficient detail to allow easy replication by a competent fellow researcher, but the authors should guard against overzealous description and avoid unnecessary technical details. If the MOP i

    Dr. Sabyasachi Sengupta. D.O. (JIPMER)
  2. 1 Apr 2021 26 min read

    Lensopedia: Lenses in Ophthalmology

    Introduction: While there are several instruments in ophthalmological practice, lenses form an inseparable part of an ophthalmologist’s arsenal. Available in various sizes and shapes, they are crucial in aiding the visualization of remote areas of the eye and facilitate therapeutic interventions in those areas which would be next to impossible to even imagine without their availability. Harnessing the unlimited potential of optics, it allows an ophthalmologist to play with the most dynamic form of energy, light, provided he behold sound and in-depth knowledge about the lens. This write-up aims at helping one acquire this knowledge and employ them for a successful practice. Lens: A piece of glass or other transparent material with curved sides for concentrating or dispersing light rays. (Lexico Oxford Dictionary) Classification of lenses (Based on their utility) Lens for the anterior segment: Lens for posterior segment Gonioscopy Principles and Optics The critical angle for the cornea-a

    Dr. Niranjan Karthik Senthil Kumar
  3. 1 Apr 2021 6 min read

    LASERs in Ophthalmology: A Concise Guide for the Postgraduates

    LASER is an acronym for “light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation”. Invented more than 50 years ago, today lasers are synonymous with precision and sophistication. The first medical application of lasers was the use in retinal photocoagulation and that role has been ever-evolving. Today its application is evident in all subspecialties of ophthalmology as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. Since medieval times, the damaging effects of strong light have been known to mankind. Socrates advocated avoiding direct viewing of the solar eclipse. The first documented use of light therapeutically was by Meyer- Schwickerath. He focused sunlight on the retinas of patients to treat melanomas. An undocumented early experiment with the aim of therapeutic photocoagulation was done by Moran- Salas in the 1940s. Meyer- Schwikerath highlighted that photic burns may be beneficial as a therapy. However, the major limitation of this was the requirement of enough sunlight to achieve the desire

    Dr. Soumya Podury
  4. 1 Apr 2021 3 min read

    Ten Tips for Postgraduates Preparing for Exams

    Everyone is going to tell you that you have to study from Day 1 of your course and you have to be systematic. Most of you, however, will end up postponing studying for exams till the very end. So here are some tips to help ease the tension and anxiety associated with exam preparation. Question bank: Familiarize yourself with the question bank for your course, especially for the last 5 years. Questions may be repeated, with the words changed. Get to know how the marking is done for various components of the question. For example, the clinical presentation may be allotted 4 marks and management 6 marks in a question. It is important to write in greater detail for the management part. Diagrams: There is no point in looking at diagrams. It will be impossible to recall the finer details if you are not intimately familiar with the diagram. Practice drawing with the correct color codes in a separate notebook which you can revise before the theory paper. Friends in need: It is not uncommon for

    Dr. Meenakshi Swaminathan
  5. 1 Apr 2021 7 min read

    Practical Examination DNB Ophthalmology

    The following write-up contains some of the frequently asked topics during the DNB practical examinations. Do keep in mind that this is just a sample, the scope of Ophthalmology is vast and it’s the 3 years effort put in during the course of residency that makes you comfortable to face the examination. It is important to have a thorough knowledge of the frequently asked questions, rather than knowing rare, obscure facts. In the end, it’s all back to basics! Any examiner starts questioning with a basic level of questions that he deems are essential knowledge for the candidate to pass or be qualified as an ophthalmologist, once the candidate clears that level only then does the examiner pose level 2 or level 3, the relatively tough/ rare/ newer questions. This should make clear that in order to clear the examination, level 1 questions MUST and should be answered! And that is what the following literature will focus on mostly. Exam Pattern: Most centers usually have: 2 Anterior Segment ca

    Dr. Sameeksha Agrawal · Dr. Soumya Podury
  6. 1 Apr 2021 7 min read

    Ten Tips for the Beginner to Examine a Patient of Ptosis

    1. History A careful history helps in identifying the etiology of ptosis (Fig 1). The age at onset of ptosis and its duration will usually distinguish congenital from acquired cases. Relevant history should be elicited in all patients regarding the variability of ptosis during the day, associations with any jaw movements, abnormal ocular movements and head posture, diplopia, or tiredness. Old photographs often reveal important information. A family history of similar conditions should be determined to rule out Congenital or hereditary ptosis, blepharophimosis, ocular myopathies, etc. Any history of previous surgery, trauma, or use of steroids should be recorded. According to its etiology, it can be classified as myogenic, aponeurotic, neurogenic, neuromuscular, mechanical, or traumatic. Figure 1: Young female with Left eye severe ptosis 2. Ruling out pseudoptosis There are conditions that can mimic ptosis include enophthalmos, anophthalmos, contralateral proptosis, contralateral lid re

    Dr. A. K. Grover · Dr. Shaloo Bageja · +1 other
  7. 1 Apr 2021 5 min read

    How to Publish Your Thesis

    Although, thesis submission is a mandatory process for post-graduation, nonetheless, getting it published is an important step towards your career. After all the hard work of bringing the thesis, the next step should be to publish it. The idea of publishing should be clear even before you started the work. Why publish An unpublished work means that the work had never been done. If you wish to be in an academic position in the long-term and wish to be recognized among your colleagues, the best way is to publish your work. In the present era of fast communication and the internet, your works get cited more often, which builds your reputation across the world, in no time. The thesis methodology and literature review will often be outdated in 3-4 years from your thesis, therefore, don’t leave it too long to publish your thesis. Here are a few steps to follow to publish your thesis: Step 1. Before the start Before you decide your thesis topic, do a thorough literature search and propose new

    Dr. Jay Chhablani
  8. 1 Apr 2021 6 min read

    Ten Pearls for Mastering Small Incision Cataract Surgery

    Small incision cataract surgery (SICS) is a prevalent technique in all the high volume centres of India as it is faster, gives excellent visual outcome and is much cheaper than phacoemulsification. Tip no. 1. Do a thorough pre-operative assessment and try selecting ideal cases It is mandatory to perform a proper pre-operative assessment of the patient. Helps in preparing the surgeon to anticipate complications and plan the operation accordingly. Tip No.2. Try to achieve adequate size, shape & couture of the incision Scleral Incision We usually make a frown incision 6mm long and 2mm away from limbus with the help of a 15 number blade. Beginners however may start with a straight incision before transitioning to frown. The incision should be made within the astigmatic neutral funnel. To remain astigmatically neutral, incisions closer to the limbus need to be smaller and longer incisions may be constructed further from the limbus. The incision should be placed on the steep meridian accordi

    Prof. Kamaljeet Singh · Dr. Pranav Saluja
  9. 1 Apr 2021 7 min read

    Ten Pearls in the Management of Paralytic Strabismus

    Paralytic strabismus is an incomitant strabismus resulting from complete (paralysis) or partial (paresis) motor deficiency of one or a group of extraocular muscles, which are supplied by the third, fourth or sixth cranial nerve. 1 History and basic examination Paralytic strabismus may be congenital or acquired. Careful history-taking will rule out an antecedent fever, trauma, neurological symptoms, or systemic illness in acquired cases. Patients complain of ocular deviation, limitation of ocular movements or abnormal head posture. Diplopia is usually a feature of recent-onset strabismus but congenital cases with spontaneous decompensation may also present with diplopia. Facial asymmetry can be noted in some congenital superior oblique palsy(SOP) with a head tilt. Visual acuity is usually preserved in isolated acquired paralytic strabismus. Amblyopia develops only in patients in whom paralysis occurs early and when the patient is unable to maintain binocular single vision in any gaze. F

    Dr. Karthika Bhaskaran · Dr. Pradeep Sharma
  10. 1 Apr 2021 3 min read

    Ten Mistakes One Should Avoid in Small Incision Cataract Surgery

    Mastering Small Incision Cataract Surgery (SICS) lays a solid foundation for achieving sutureless cataract surgery in the majority of the cases. This article aims to bring forth some commonly committed errors in SICS. Nuclear grade: Though a surgeon is not expected to choose a patient, but a beginner should avoid extremes of nuclear grade. A grade 3 nucleus with a 6mm external incision and >6mm capsulorrhexis, are the most comfortable to manage initially. Only topical anesthesia! Anesthesia is meant to make the patient comfortable and the choice depends on the patient’s cooperation, condition of the eye, and the surgeon’s expertise. Attempting topical anesthesia in an uncooperative patient, non-dilating pupil or a novice surgeon can result in disaster. Use of blunt knives The creation of a triplanar incision requires sharp knives. Blunt knives result in ragged wounds and premature entry due to the application of excessive pressure. A poorly constructed wound opens the door to the occur

    Dr. Ruchi Goel