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  3. Articles 9 min read

    Seven Important OCT Signs in CNVM

    1. Type of macular neovascularisation (MNV): Macular neovascularisation (MNV) is a broad disease entity characterised by the development of the abnormal vessels arising either from the retinal vasculature (deep capillary plexus) or choroidal vasculature (choriocapillaris). Choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) is a subtype of MNV, characterised by the abnormal growths of blood vessels from the choroidal capillaries that penetrate the retina, specifically into the sub-RPE and subretinal spaces. These vessels are extremely immature and extremely fragile, so they bleed and leak, de-structuring the macula, causing severe visual impairment. The classification of MNV is depicted below in Figure 1: Figure 1: A simple classification of macular neovascularisation (MNV): 2. Cause of CNVM: A CNVM is primarily classified based on the etiology into two categories: A) Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) associated CNVM and B) Non-AMD associated CNVMs. Causes of non-AMD associated CNVMs: Central s

    Dr. Ramesh Venkatesh · FVRF (Sankara Nethralaya) · +2 others
  4. Articles 7 min read

    Intraocular Lymphoma: Ten Points Every Ophthalmologist Should Know

    1. Epidemiology of Intraocular Lymphoma: Intraocular Lymphoma is a rare malignancy accounting for 0.01% of ophthalmic conditions. The term includes primary intraocular lymphoma (PIOL) with or without primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). 1 Majority of the patients with lymphoma are over 50 years of age. 2 2. Presentations and Potential for Misdiagnosis of Intraocular Lymphoma: PIOL has varied presentations; but most commonly, it masquerades as intermediate and/or posterior uveitis; seen mostly as subretinal yellowish creamy lesions with an associated leopard skin type of retinal hyperpigmentation (Figure 1). 3 Figure 1: Shows typical subretinal yellowish creamy lesions with an associated leopard skin type of retinal hyperpigmentation seen in a 44-year-old lady with biopsy proven CNS lymphoma It usually originates from vitreoretina, thus known as primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) or from uveal tissue and also the optic nerve. 4 In our experience it has masqueraded and bee

    Dr. Mayur R. Moreker, MS (Ophthalmology); MA (Counselling Psychology) · Dr. Sunila Jaggi, MD (Radiology) · +1 other
  5. Articles 9 min read

    Ten Tenets Every Ophthalmologist should know about Collaborative Ocular TB Study (COTS)

    “Ocular tuberculosis, a disease that we fear, Stealthily attacks the eyes, year after year. In the dark and quiet, it spreads its deadly grime, Causing pain and inflammation, and a loss of sight sometimes. Choroidal TB is the commonest sight, With serpiginous-like choroiditis, it takes its flight. Retinal vasculitis too, causes so much pain, Ocular tuberculosis, an insidious foe, it will remain. But hope remains, with the Collaborative Ocular TB Study, Bringing us ten tenets, so clear and so sturdy. To help diagnose and treat, with accuracy and care, And fight against this disease, with the best of our repair. So let's raise awareness, and educate all we can, For ocular TB, we must take a stand. With early diagnosis and prompt treatment in mind, We'll fight this disease, and leave it far behind” *Poem generated by AI # 1: Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS): What does it represent? The conundrum faced by uveitis specialists is the challenge of establishing a clear and irrefu

    Prof. Vishali Gupta · Dr. Rupesh Agrawal
  6. Articles 5 min read

    Top Ten Tips - Shaping and Sharpening a Clinical Survey

    Surveys are helpful in understanding trends in the management of disease, the changes in the way a disease is treated and also how different factors can affect the choices a clinician makes. But the best surveys are the ones that bring out new information on topics, questions or trends that may seem familiar. Here are a few ways on maximising the responses to your survey questions: 1. Brief honest introduction: Usually invitations to participate in surveys are shared through email, social media platforms like Facebook or WhatsApp. It is important to include a brief and crisp introduction about who the investigators are and what does the survey aim to do. Also mention if the survey is anonymous or not: i.e. whether it requires the respondents to identify themselves or not and how long would it approximately take to fill up the survey form and who should be taking this survey. For example: Hello, Greetings. Request all ophthalmology residents in India to take this survey on cataract surg

    Dr. Akshay Gopinathan Nair
  7. Articles 11 min read

    Optical Coherence Tomography Biomarkers in Diabetic Macular Edema

    One of the major microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus is diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic macular edema (DME) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy are the most common causes of vision loss in diabetic retinopathy. Pathogenesis of DME: A simplified understanding of the pathogenesis of DME formation is depicted in Figure 1: The role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inflammation in the pathogenesis of DME is depicted in Figure 2: OCT is a non-invasive imaging technique that is widely used in routine retina practice to obtain a high-definition cross section of all retinal layers and to measure their thickness. Recent advances in OCT imaging, such as the introduction of spectral-domain and swept source-based optical coherence tomography (OCT) and enhanced depth imaging, have enabled clinicians to detect and understand the various aspects of DME formation and treatment. This article will discuss the role of various OCT imaging biomarkers in identifying diabetic ma

    Dr. Ramesh Venkatesh · Isha Acharya
  8. Articles 6 min read

    Ten Points A Surgeon Should Know About the Phaco-probe

    1. Basic structure of phaco probe Phaco Probe has two attachments (For aspiration & Irrigation) and one wire coming out of back end for power supply and sensors. In the front there is the tip attached to the hand piece, which has a silicon sleeve around it with two apertures. The irrigation tubing are wider in diameter than aspiration and both tubings are colour coded Fig 1 Basic Structure of Phaco Probe 2. Fluid Inflow and Outflow pathway: The fluid flows from the irrigation tube to the handpiece and comes out via two apertures in the silicon sleeve cooling the tip. It then traverses in the AC and is aspirated back via phaco tip and comes out via aspiration tube. Irrigation is gravity based in traditional machines and Active in newer generation machines. Aspiration is always active can be via either peristaltic and venturi pump based. Fig 2 Fluid inflow and Outflow via Phaco Probe 3. Phaco Tip design: Phaco tip is made of titanium alloy. The end of the tip has a bevel, which can be of

    Dr. Rohit Rao · Dr. Charudutt Kalamkar
  9. Blog 11 min read

    Innovative Safety Methods Employed For Delivering Quality Patient Care in a High Volume Tertiary Eye Care Setting By Recycling Available Resources and Integrating Information System During COVID Crises

    “Never let good crises go to waste.” - - Winston Churchill The Lockdowns are back, as the cities are once again bracing for a steep influx of patients suffering from or suspected to be infected from the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), owing to the soaring second wave of COVID-19. We as practicing ophthalmologists, need to keep our guard up now, more than ever. The need of the hour is the safety for our health, safety of the health of our health care workers and the patient’s health who visit our hospitals; along with simultaneously delivering high quality productive patient care. This drives the need for devising, effective and innovative safety strategies during the COVID-19 crises (Figure 1). Figure 1: Comprehensive Innovative Safe Practice Pattern Work Flow Utilization of hospital car parking area for COVID-19 triage Triaging has become a mandatory part of our pandemic practice, but the dearth of available space for triaging needs to be addressed. The sprint is on as eye care professi

    Dr. Prasanna Venkatesh Ramesh · Dr. Shruthy Vaishali Ramesh

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