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  4. Students Gallery 8 min read

    iFile: Ruptured Retinal Artery Macroaneursm

    Chief Complaint: A 67 years old female came with the complaint of sudden painless diminution of vision in the left eye for 1 day. History of Present Illness: Sudden painless diminution of vision with associated floaters in the left eye for the last 1 day. There was no history of any trauma, redness, watering or discharge. Past Ocular History: No history of any past ocular disease Past Medical History/ History of Medication: The patient was diagnosed to have diabetes mellitus type 2 and essential hypertension five years back and was on medications for the same. Family History: No significant family history was present OCULAR EXAMINATION Best Corrected Visual Acuity (Snellen) Right eye (OD): 6/6, N6 Left eye (OS): 6/36, N18 Ocular Motility/Alignment: Full, free and painless in all gazes Intraocular Pressure (IOP) OD: 16 mmHg OS: 18 mmHg Pupils: OU Round, regular and reacting to light Slit-lamp Exam: OD OS Lid/Lashes Normal Normal Conjunctiva/sclera Normal Normal Cornea Normal Normal Ante

    Dr. Suklengmung Buragohain · Dr. Subham Sinha Roy
  5. Articles 7 min read

    HLA-B27 associated Acute Anterior Uveitis

    Introduction Acute anterior uveitis (AAU) results from a breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier and acute inflammation of the iris and ciliary body. It is the most common form of uveitis encountered the world over. Keratic precipitates (KPs) are characteristic of AAU and represent inflammatory cells that deposit on the corneal endothelium due to the upregulation of adhesion molecules in response to local chemoattractant cytokines. The association between HLA (human leukocyte antigen)-B27, a human major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and its gamut of inflammatory diseases and HLA-B27 associated AAU was first described in 1973 and to date, it remains one of the strongest HLA-disease associations known. Epidemiology Though most epidemiological studies are based in tertiary referral centers and have a referral bias towards posterior and intermediate uveitis, anterior uveitis is the most common form of uveitis encountered in most parts of the world. HLA-B27 AAU comprises cases of acute a

    Dr. Abhilasha Baharani
  6. Articles 12 min read

    Optic Disc Evaluation in Glaucoma

    Glaucoma, by definition, is chronic, progressive optic neuropathy.[1-3] Structural damage to the optic nerve head (ONH) is a characteristic feature of glaucoma and precedes visual field loss in most cases. Para-papillary changes may also be observed in eyes with glaucoma. The mere presence of raised intraocular pressure is not glaucoma. Hence, the optic disc evaluation is the first and most important step in diagnosing glaucoma. [4, 5] Subjectivity and overlap in appearance of the normal and glaucomatous optic disc make ONH evaluation challenging. Subtle changes may also be missed easily. Adequate training and experience are required to determine minor abnormalities in the ONH accurately. [6] Examination of the optic disc Direct ophthalmoscopy, Slit lamp biomicroscopy with a handheld +66, +78 or +90 dioptre aspheric convex lens or Hruby lens, or a contact lens (Goldmann lens) or Indirect ophthalmoscopy may be done to examine the ONH. The pupil should be dilated prior to the examination

    Dr. Chandrima Paul · Dr. Divya J
  7. Articles 9 min read

    Ten Pearls to Improve Your Surgical Skills in Oculoplasty

    Oculoplastic surgery, despite being a niche surgical branch, encompasses a variety of procedures involving the nasolacrimal apparatus, orbit and eyelids. Having evolved into a speciality only in the last 6-7 decades, it also includes fields such as trauma, oncology and oculofacial aesthetics, which make it fascinating as well as challenging1. Just as in most ophthalmic sub-specialities, Oculoplastics has a steep learning curve for most of the surgical interventions and each case is vastly different from the next. Here are our Ten Pearls that should help the beginner Oculoplastics consultant, fellow or fellowship aspirant to hone their skills in a more systematic manner: 1. Documentation and history taking: One of the most essential skills in an oculoplastic practice is uniform and accurate pre- and post-operative documentation. It is important from a legal as well as an academic standpoint, to take patient photographs as well as measurements of the specimen that have been obtained intr

    Dr. Ashok Grover · Dr. Rwituja Thomas
  10. Articles 7 min read

    Ten Pearls for Managing A case of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

    Diabetes has reached epidemic proportions in many developing economies, such as China and India. Type 2 DM contributes to 90% of the cases. An astonishing 53 % of these cases remain undiagnosed(1). Health-seeking behaviour in India is amongst the poorest with 90% of patients being not aware of the need for regular fundus examination(2). The onus of imparting knowledge on such patients lies with the primary health care provider at the time of diagnosis. It is also the prime duty of the patient to gain knowledge about the disease. Catch them early Advice on the need for regular fundus examination should be given during the time of diagnosis. For type 2 diabetes, screening guidelines are fundus examination at the time of diagnosis and thereafter yearly, mild NPDR - yearly, moderate NPDR - 6 monthly, severe NPDR - 3 monthly follow up are mandatory. High resolution fundus images can be used for follow-up and patient education. Deep learning, a state-of-the-art machine learning technique is

    Dr. Indu Govindaraj · Dr. Anand Rajendran

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