1. Articles 5 min read

   Hess Chart: Postgraduate Students' Perspective

   In Hess charting, one eye will see the red object on the screen and the other eye has to superimpose the green target ( maybe green torch) on the red target. This is called Haploscopic Principle. The dissociation of two eyes is achieved by the means of colors. In diplopia charting there is one object, the patient sees two images. We dissociate the eyes by means of complementary colors. Diplopia chart red glass always in front of the right eye. In the Hess chart, red if Infront of the right eye means, we are checking the position left eye ( behind the green glass ). If red is in Infront of the left eye means, the right eye position is checked (behind the green.) Always remember the eye behind the green glass is checked, about its positions, when the eye behind the red glass is fixing the red light of the screen The degree between two lines in the Hess chart is five ( 5 degrees ). Every 15 degrees, red lights are present: The inner nine lights represent the inner squares. Outer lights re

   Dr. (Capt) V.R Vijayaraghavan
2. Articles 11 min read

   i-File: Pseudophakic Bullous Keratopathy

   A 60-year-old-male presented to the Cornea clinic with diminution of vision in the left eye for 4 months which was associated with intermittent photophobia and colored haloes around lights, especially on waking up in the morning. The patient also complains of pain and watering. No history of associated redness, itching, or discharge. Past Ocular History: H/o OD cataract surgery 6 years, OS cataract surgery 4 months back. No h/o trauma. Past Medical History/ History of Medication: No significant systemic history could be elicited. The patient was not on any medication. No addictions. Family History: No significant family history found Review of Systems/Systemic Examination: Systemic examination was within normal limits. All vitals were within normal limits. OCULAR EXAMINATION Best Corrected Visual Acuity (Snellen) Right eye (OD): 6/9 Left eye (OS): CF 2 m Ocular Motility/Alignment - Full, free, and painless in all gazes Intraocular Pressure (IOP) OD: 18 mm of Hg OS: 14 mm of Hg Pupils-

   Dr. Hema Joshi · Dr. Akhilesh Yadav
3. Articles 4 min read

   Pearls for Indirect Ophthalmoscopy

   Using the indirect ophthalmoscope proficiently is a difficult skill to master, nevertheless is an indispensable one. With adequate practice, you will eventually come to terms with it. Here are a few tips and tricks to help you with it. Important but often likely to be missed: Every day, check if the optics of the indirect ophthalmoscope is working properly and, if wireless- that the battery pack is charged. (Finding out that the optics is not working properly or the indirect ophthalmoscope switching off in the middle of the examination is not only embarrassing but may also undermine the impression that your patient will have about you). Have a dedicated switch to turn off the room light nearby your examination station. It is often easier to “do it yourself” than to command to others/assistant for the lights on and off. Ask them if they are driving or riding or have an important work immediately after the visit at your clinic. Defer the examination to a later time/date if any of the abo

   Dr. Anadi Khatri · Dr. Gunjan Prasai
4. Articles 4 min read

   Ten Pearls of Phacoemulsification with PPC

   Posterior Polar Cataract is associated with remnants of Tunica vasculosa lentis. (1) It presents as a white opacity situated on the posterior capsule appearing as a circular plaque with concentric whorls. (2) Surgical management of posterior polar cataracts is a challenge even for skilled surgeons due to high risk of posterior capsular rupture and vitreous loss during surgery. (3) 1. Preoperative Considerations: It has to be identified correctly on slit lamp examination – with its characteristic onion peel or bull’s eye appearance. Patient has to be counselled regarding increased surgical time, higher chances of posterior capsular rupture and even the possibility of posterior segment intervention and delayed visual recovery. (3,4) The fellow eye also needs to be evaluated. Image showing: Characteristic onion peel appearance of Posterior Polar Cataract (Courtesy of Rajan Eye Care Hospital). 2. The Preferred Anaesthesia: Peribulbar anaesthesia is preferred because of longer surgical time

   Dr. Madhuvanthi Mohan · Dr. Sashwanthi Mohan · +1 other
5. PowerPoint 1 min read

   WHO report on vision, NPCB, steps to control blindness

   WHO report on vision, NPCB, steps to control blindness

   Dr. Kelini Saolapurkar
6. PowerPoint 1 min read

   Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma

   Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma

   Dr. Abhishek Agarwal
7. Articles 24 min read

   Ocular Manifestations of HIV

   Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease is a pandemic of global concern, not only due to serious health issues affecting all organs of the body but also due to its huge economic burden.(1) The diagnosis is often associated with social stigma that includes changing sexual practices, lack of availability of a vaccine and the chronicity of the disease requiring lifelong treatment.(2) The disease runs a severe course, involving multiple organs. Ocular lesions are varied and can affect any structure, usually in the late phase of HIV infection. Rarely, these lesions can be the presenting manifestations of the disease. While a variety of cell types may be infected by HIV, the immunologic hallmark is the selective loss of the CD4+ T cells. CD4 is a cell surface marker that identi?es the helper/inducer subset of T cells. During the initial phases of infection, a majority of patients remain asymptomatic. With a decrease in the CD4+ T cell count (< 500 cells/µL) the immune system shows evidenc

   Dr. Sharanya Abraham
8. Articles 5 min read

   Ten Pearls for Tunnel Construction in SICS

   SICS is the most commonly performed cataract surgery by young budding surgeons. Young postgraduates are introduced to the world of ophthalmological surgery via SICS. Initially, every new surgeon struggles to make good scleral tunnel and capsulorhexis. These TOP TEN pearls will make young surgeons confident to achieve textbook tunnel. 1. Good Visualization: If you can see well, you can do well. Proper exposure of working field is a must. So, focus on to make adequate Conjunctiva and tenon’s dissection, avoid pooling of blood with judicious cautery and don’t let saline or visco to pool. Fig.1 Adequate Scleral exposure for tunnel construction 2. Superior rectus bridle suture: Mind the rectus It is probably one of the most important step in SICS. It is the first step any beginner surgeon learns, but it has not been given the due credit. It is a hidden player in tunnel construction. Furthermore, it provides the globe with sufficient traction and support to construct the tunnel seamlessly. 3

   Dr. Rohit Rao · Dr. Patel Bhavin
9. Students Gallery 14 min read

   i-File: Optic Neuritis

   A 23 years old female presented to the ophthalmology clinic with complaints of blurring of vision in the left eye since the past 4-5 days with associated mild pain around the left eye, mainly on ocular movements History of Present Illness: Patient did not give any history of associated nausea, vomiting, headache, tingling numbness or limb weakness. There was no history of any preceding febrile illness nor any history of vaccination in the recent past. Past Ocular History: There was no history of any similar episode, any ocular trauma or surgery in the past. Past Medical History: No history of any significant systemic illness or any medications. Family History: No significant history. Systemic Examination: Within normal limits. Pulse rate: 82/min, BP: 124/76 mmHg, Respiratory rate:12/min OCULAR EXAMINATION: Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) Right eye (OD): 6/6,N6 Left eye (OS): 6/24,N8 Colour Vision (CV) using Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plates: OD: Normal 21/21 OS: Impaired 1/21(iden

   Dr. Siddharth Sheth
10. Articles 5 min read

    Diplopia Charting: A Ready Reckoner for the Postgraduates

    Diplopia charts are kept in postgraduate examinations during viva sessions. Even in theory examinations also, these topics may be asked. It is not difficult to interpret the charts and all PGs should practice recording the results of these charts. Principle: Dissociation of eyes by means of complementary colors. We use red and green goggles (Armstrong google). In diplopia charting, Red is always in the Right eye and patients perceive one object as two fused images. Let us see the method of interpretations of these charts See the chart Remember red and green goggles are used. Red in front of the right eye and Green in front of the left eye. To your right side (The right side of the picture). Version positions. Dextrum version. Elevation and Depressions are there. The left side of you is the left side positions like levoversion, elevation and levodepression are there Primary position elevation and depressions are noted. Totally we have nine quadrants Never forget to write the name of the

    Dr. (Capt) V.R Vijayaraghavan

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