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  3. Articles 8 min read

    Anti-VEGFs made Easy for the Postgraduates

    The retina is a highly metabolic tissue and needs a constant high supply of oxygen. Insult to either choroidal or retinal vasculature can lead to a hypoxic state. Throughout the years, neovascularization has been seen to occur in areas neighboring such hypoxic areas. In 1989, this hypoxia-inducible and diffusible factor was discovered to be Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), initially coined as Vascular Permeability Factor (VPF). VEGF was found to be answerable for many types of retinopathies and the increased vascular permeability seen in them. VEGF is a heparin-binding dimeric glycoprotein with di-sulfide-linked A and B subunits. VEGF has been found to be produced by many cell types in the retina including vascular endothelial cells, retinal pigment epithelium, pericytes, Muller cells, retinal neurons, and astrocytes. It is necessary for the survival of retinal cells; prenatally for proper embryological development of the retina as well as postnatally for preserving adult mic

    Dr. Gunjan Prasai · Dr. Anadi Khatri · +1 other
  4. Articles 6 min read

    Normal flora /Microbiome of the Eye: 10 Facts

    1. Definition of Microbiome Microbiomes are communities of organisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses) that normally reside on any part of the human body (both external and internal) and are in a symbiotic relationship with the host. The members of the microbiome live in close harmony, sharing food and shelter and offering benefits to each other, e.g. some members give protection by secreting extracellular polymeric substances to form a protective covering of biofilm around the community, while some excrete metabolic by-products which are useful substrates for the others. 2. Relation of Microbiome with the host Most of the organisms of the microbiome provide support to the good health of the host (like preventing colonization by harmful pathogens by competing for shelter and food niches, occupying the pathogen receptor sites, or secreting antibiotics and metabolic by-products like acetic and lactic acids which harm such pathogens). But some of the members can also act as opportunistic pathoge

    Dr. Sanchita Mitra
  7. Students Gallery 11 min read

    i-File: Normal Tension Glaucoma

    Chief Complaint: A 37 years old male presented to us with a history of progressive deterioration of vision on 30/09/2020. History of Present Illness: He was diagnosed elsewhere to have glaucoma and came to us for further management. Past Ocular History: He was already on on Latanoprost ED HS, Dorzolamide + Timolol combination BD. The patient underwent Trabeculectomy in both eyes in the year 2010 and 2013 Baseline IOP from old records was noted to be 18 mm of Hg in the right eye and 17 mm of Hg in the left eye Family History: Strong family history of glaucoma in father and elder sister Review of Systems/Systemic Examination Not a known case of hypertension, diabetes, asthma or cardiological problem, not on any systemic medication. OCULAR EXAMINATION Best Corrected Visual Acuity (Snellen) Right eye (OD): 6/6,N6 Left eye (OS): 6/9,N6 Ocular Motility/Alignment- EOM full and free Intraocular Pressure (IOP) OD: 11 mm of Hg OS: 10 mm of Hg Pupils: OD – round , regular and reacting to light OS

    Dr. Tamonash Basu

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