1. Articles 6 min read

   Ten Points One Must Know on Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome (TASS)

   TASS is an uncommon, non-infectious condition causing severe inflammation of the anterior segment structures without vitreous involvement [1],[2],[5]. The name TASS was coined by Monson and colleagues in 1992 [1],[3]. It is usually associated with phacoemulsification surgery but can also happen after procedures like penetrating keratoplasty, descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty, deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty, vitrectomy and anterior and posterior segment phakic intraocular lenses. The alternative names of TASS include sterile post -operative endophthalmitis, toxic lens syndrome, toxic endothelial cell destruction syndrome and localized endophthalmitis [1],[3],[7]. 1. What is TASS? It is an acute sterile post-operative inflammatory condition affecting the anterior segment structures following intraocular surgery. It is usually seen within 12-48 hours of surgery and is due to the reaction of anterior segment structures to some toxic substance usually associated wit

   Dr. Priya Rasipuram Chandrasekaran
2. PowerPoint 1 min read

   Aqueous Humor and It's Dynamics

   Aqueous Humor and It's Dynamics

   Dr. Raisa Tandon
3. Articles 9 min read

   Ptosis Surgeries: Made Simple for The Postgraduates

   Ptosis refers to a vertical narrowing of the palpebral fissure secondary to drooping of the upper eyelid to a lower than normal position. Multiple surgical procedures can be used to correct ptosis including, frontalis sling, levator advancement, Fasanella Servat operation, and Mullerectomy. The selection of one technique over another depends on the consideration of several factors including the degree of ptosis, the degree of levator muscle function as well as the surgeon experience. Detailed examination and accurate measurements help to decide the procedure that may be required in each patient. When to treat The primary indications for treatment of congenital ptosis are amblyopia and abnormal head positioning. In the setting of severe unilateral ptosis, stimulus deprivation amblyopia is imminent and early surgery is advised and routinely performed at preschool age. Severe bilateral (or unilateral) ptosis can cause a patient to assume an obvious chin-up head position that can interfere

   Dr. Namrata Adulkar
4. Articles 5 min read

   Anomalies of Accommodation

   Ocular accommodation is an integral visual function that optimizes the visual perception through the focusing ability of the crystalline lens. This closed-loop system constantly interacts with the oculomotor system for finer focusing and alignment of the eyes under naturalistic binocular viewing conditions. This write-up is intended to provide an overview of the commonest anomalies of accommodation encountered by an eyecare practitioner through case-based learning. For detailed reading, the readers are requested to refer to Scheiman & Wick.1 The table below provides an overview of the commonest clinical signs, and symptoms seen in different anomalies of accommodation. 1, 2 ANOMALIES OF ACCOMMODATION DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA ETIOLOGY PRIMARY SIGNS SYMPTOMS Accommodative insufficiency (Not due to sclerosis of the crystalline lens) Accommodation amplitudes (AA) lesser than expected for the patient’s age Usually idiopathic, can result from certain systemic medications Decreased AA for age (2D l

   Dr. Jameel Rizwana Hussaindeen M.Phil Opt
5. Students Gallery 10 min read

   i-File: Floppy Eyelid Syndrome

   History of Present Illness: A 60-year old male patient presented with recurrent episodes of watering and foreign body sensation of both eyes for 8 years. He gave no history of redness or discharge from the eyes. There was no history of spontaneous eversion of the eyelids. He was treated conservatively with lubricants but had no relief of symptoms. He complained of snoring during sleep with associated daytime somnolence. Past Ocular History: No history of ocular trauma or surgery in the past. Past Medical History/ History of Medication: He was diagnosed with Rheumatoid arthritis 1.5 years ago and hypertension for which he is on treatment. Family History: No significant family history Review of Systems/Systemic Examination: Systemic examination was within normal limits. All vitals were within normal limits. OCULAR EXAMINATION Best Corrected Visual Acuity (Snellen) Right eye (OD): 6/6P, N6 Left eye (OS): 6/6, N6 Ocular Motility/Alignment: Hirshberg corneal reflex- Orthophoric, EOM-Full, f

   Dr. Kirthi Koka · Dr. Jazz K Manadan
6. Articles 6 min read

   How to Quickly Read a Macular OCT Scan?

   Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a quick, non-invasive, reproducible, and optical analog of ultrasound imaging which is as good as in vivo viewing of individual retinal layers histologically. In today’s practice, OCT is indisputably an essential diagnostic tool for every retinal surgeon. And so correct interpretation of OCT scans helps us in understanding the disease pathologically which in turn aids in prognosticating and making treatment decisions. How to quickly read a macular OCT? An OCT image gives you layer by layer information of retinal tissue. So if we segment the OCT image into 5 layer-wise sub-segments, it becomes very easy to read and interpret the retinal pathology. And also just by looking at the diseased/damaged retinal layer, we can identify probable clinical disease. These 5 OCT sub-segments can be used for quick interpretation of macular OCT scans. 1: VR (Vitreo-Retinal) Interface 2: Inner Retina 3: Outer retina 4: RPE/ BRUCHS MEMBRANE 5: Choroid Let us first rev

   Dr. Deepak Bhojwani
7. Articles 7 min read

   How to Make Your Online Presence Felt : Tips & Tricks

   Introduction Covid has accelerated the digital shift for healthcare. We all know that It was probably going to take a few more years to happen but now as more and more people take the digital route for any requirement they may have, it becomes important for business owners to think about their online presence. This is true even for ophthalmologists. More so for those who have established their own practices versus working in an eye institute and this difference is because those who have established their own practices have in one way become entrepreneurs and whether they like it or not as time goes by the most important job as the owner of an ophthalmic practice would be to increase or drive patients to that practice. This is where online presence comes in. So what does online presence mean? When people look for you or for things you do there are places that showcase you or your practice. These could be Youtube videos Listing in Practo and similar sights A Website Writing a Blog A News

   Dr. Deepak Garg
8. Students Gallery 2 min read

   i-File: Systemic Hypertension

   A 60-year male presented with C/O diminution of vision in the Right Eye. The patient is not a known case of any known systemic illness, although gives a vague c/o chest pain and the occasional headache. Examination revealed a vision of 4/60 with an IOP of 16mmHg as measured by GAT. The right Eye reveals the unremarkable anterior segment with minimal lenticular changes. Vitreous cavity quiet with fundus as shown. The left eye reveals a normal anterior and posterior segment. Question What are the positive findings as depicted in the fundus photo.? What are the investigations you would ask for? How will you manage this case? Answer Ocular 1) FUNDUS FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAM: disruption of retinal layers. These in turn will again help in educating the patient in terms of visual gain he is expected to gain In this case if one had to choose between FFA and OCT, FFA would be a better option. Management Managing this case is again in collaboration with a physician/ cardiologist Ocular 1) After con

   Dr. Bikramjit Pal
9. PowerPoint 1 min read

   Ocular Toxocariasis

   Ocular Toxocariasis

   Dr. Amanda Mohanan
10. Articles 6 min read

    i-File: Asteroid Hyalosis

    Chief Complaint: A female patient of 58 years old who came for a routine eye examination. History of Present Illness: No specific complaints. Past Ocular History: No H/O any previous injury. Past Medical History/ History of Medication: Known diabetic for the past 10 years and on control with oral hypoglycemic agents. Family History: No significant family history. Review of Systems/Systemic Examination Pulse rate - 88/min, respiratory rate - 16/minute. BP- 120/80 mm Hg. Examination of other systems were normal. Ocular Examination Best Corrected Visual Acuity (Snellen) Right eye (OD): 6/6 p N6 Left eye (OS): 6/6 N6 Ocular Motility/Alignment Extraocular motility was full and free in all gazes in both eyes. Intraocular Pressure (IOP)- By Applanation tonometry Right eye (OD): 14mm Left eye (OS): 16mm Pupils: Both eyes (OU) - round and briskly reacting to light. Slit-lamp examination: Lids/lashes: Both eyes (OU)- normal. Conjunctiva/sclera: Both eyes (OU) - normal. Cornea: Both eyes (OU) – c

    Dr. Priya Rasipuram Chandrasekaran

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