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Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography in Diseases Of The Ocular Surface And Cornea
I. Introduction : Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) is a sophisticated non-contact imaging device that produces high-resolution images for detailed assessment of the structures of the ocular surface and anterior chamber in various disease conditions. Starting from the earlier generation time-domain devices first described in 1991 by Huang et al [1] to the current Fourier-domain OCT devices, the technological advancement in this device has improved the diagnostic ability tremendously. This imaging modality has evolved into a highly precise tool for clinical diagnosis and management as well as in research and understanding disease pathology. In this review, we describe the evolution of ASOCT, its technology in brief and focus on highlighting the various clinical applications with examples. While Izzat et al first introduced the use of AS-OCT for imaging the anterior segment of the eye [2], it is well known that the OCT initially evolved as a tool for retinal imaging.
Dr. Supriya Sharma · Dr. Somasheila Murthy
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Making Sclerotomy Ports during a Vitreoretinal Surgery: Tips, Tricks and Concerns
The advancement of vitreous surgery from the 20-gauge (20G) era to the present day Transconjunctival Sutureless Vitrectomy (TVS) has favorably transformed patient outcomes in the surgical management of retinal diseases. The 20G system (O’Malley and Heintz, 1974) has been the gold standard technique in modern vitreous surgery for nearly three decades, beginning from the earliest 17G vitrectomy as introduced by Machemer in 1971. The 20G systems were associated with sutured port closure, longer and irregular wound healing, higher vitreous turbulence, greater incidence of port-related complications like retinal breaks, and a longer surgical time. On the other hand, the trochar and cannula based micro incision vitrectomy surgery (MIVS) are associated with early post-operative recovery, better and uniform wound healing, lesser port related complications, lesser vitreous turbulence and increased patient comfort with earlier visual recovery. As with any surgical procedure, the decision and pla
Dr. Aditya Verma
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OCT-Angiography in Retinal Diseases Made Incredibly Simple For Post Graduates
Introduction: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) has emerged as a novel imaging technique for visualizing the retinal and choroidal microvasculature at the macula and optic disc.1 It provides in vivo 3D vascular information by analyzing the movement of flowing red blood cells and thereby enabling the visualization and quantification of functional vessel networks within microcirculatory tissue beds in a non-invasive manner without the use of dye injection.2 Understanding the anatomy of retinal and choroidal microvasculature (figure 1): Retinal microvasculature: Studies have identified 4 retinal vascular capillary networks at the macula which are broadly grouped into 2 vascular plexuses; superficial and deep.3 The superficial vascular plexus (SVP) consists of the superficial capillary plexus and radial peripapillary capillary plexus. The former is located in the ganglion cell layer and the latter in the retinal nerve fibre layer. The SVP receives its blood supply from the c
Dr. Ramesh Venkatesh · Dr. Nikitha Gurram Reddy · +1 other
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Complications of Penetrating Keratoplasty
Penetrating keratoplasty (PK) is a procedure in which full-thickness host corneal tissue is replaced with donor corneal tissue. Objectives of PK maybe Optical-to establish a clear visual axis or to minimize refractive error in severely distorted corneas Tectonic-to provide structural integrity Therapeutic-to eliminate infection Occasionally for cosmoses Complications of PK may be divided as intraoperative, early postoperative, and late postoperative. Intra-operative complications: Intra-operative complications may occur at each step of the surgery. These complications can be avoided with meticulous pre-operative planning and careful attention at each step. 1. Anaesthesia: In the case of the retrobulbar or peri-bulbar block (1), globe perforation may occur. A meticulous pre-operative assessment could avoid this complication as eyes with a posterior staphyloma possess a higher risk of perforation. A retrobulbar block may cause scleral perforation, orbital hemorrhage, optic nerve trauma,
Dr. Bhupesh P Jain · Dr. Priyanka Kashelkar
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i-File: Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
Brief Scenario of the case: Decreased vision in the right eye in a 20-year-old high myopic female History of Present Illness: The patient is a 20-year-old female who presented with decreased vision in the right eye for 8 months. No history of headache, ocular pain, redness, and trauma were reported. She had no visual changes or symptoms in the left eye. Past Ocular History: High myopic using glasses Past Medical History/ History of Medication: No ophthalmic or systemic use of medication. No history of any substance abuse. Allergy history: No known drug allergies or any other allergies. Family History: History of mother having high myopic glasses since childhood. No significant family history of systemic diseases. Review of Systems/Systemic Examination: Systemic examinations within normal limits. Pulse: 72/min, regular BP: 100/70 mm of Hg ECG: WNL RBS: 113 mg% Chest X-Ray: WNL OCULAR EXAMINATION Best Corrected Visual Acuity (Snellen chart) Right eye (OD): PL+ PR accurate Left eye (OS):
Dr. Anju Gupta · Dr. Dhaivat Shah
