1. Students Gallery 5 min read

   How to Publish Your Thesis

   Although, thesis submission is a mandatory process for post-graduation, nonetheless, getting it published is an important step towards your career. After all the hard work of bringing the thesis, the next step should be to publish it. The idea of publishing should be clear even before you started the work. Why publish An unpublished work means that the work had never been done. If you wish to be in an academic position in the long-term and wish to be recognized among your colleagues, the best way is to publish your work. In the present era of fast communication and the internet, your works get cited more often, which builds your reputation across the world, in no time. The thesis methodology and literature review will often be outdated in 3-4 years from your thesis, therefore, don’t leave it too long to publish your thesis. Here are a few steps to follow to publish your thesis: Step 1. Before the start Before you decide your thesis topic, do a thorough literature search and propose new

   Dr. Jay Chhablani
2. Students Gallery 6 min read

   Ten Pearls for Mastering Small Incision Cataract Surgery

   Small incision cataract surgery (SICS) is a prevalent technique in all the high volume centres of India as it is faster, gives excellent visual outcome and is much cheaper than phacoemulsification. Tip no. 1. Do a thorough pre-operative assessment and try selecting ideal cases It is mandatory to perform a proper pre-operative assessment of the patient. Helps in preparing the surgeon to anticipate complications and plan the operation accordingly. Tip No.2. Try to achieve adequate size, shape & couture of the incision Scleral Incision We usually make a frown incision 6mm long and 2mm away from limbus with the help of a 15 number blade. Beginners however may start with a straight incision before transitioning to frown. The incision should be made within the astigmatic neutral funnel. To remain astigmatically neutral, incisions closer to the limbus need to be smaller and longer incisions may be constructed further from the limbus. The incision should be placed on the steep meridian accordi

   Prof. Kamaljeet Singh · Dr. Pranav Saluja
3. Interesting Reads 19 min read

   Understanding Retinal Imaging : What Lies Ahead of Us?

   “Be careful, now that I can see the Inner You.” -Imaging modalities today Retinal imaging has come a long way today. From times of appropriately concentrating the fluorescein dye from scratch in the lab itself to times where we have a dye free angiography system, technology has covered vast boundaries. There is a platter of different modalities in the market today, each having their own ebb and flow. And what the future beholds for us is certainly inexplicable. To throw a light on these modalities, we have a special interview with someone who continues to extensively work on these technologies and modalities day in and out, Dr Muna Bhende. Dr. Muna Bhende is a senior consultant and deputy director of Shri Bhagwan Mahavir VR Services, Medical research foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai. eOphtha: There is a wide discussion on OCT Angiography (OCT-A) replacing FFA in the field of the medical retina in the near future. What is your take on that? How do you compare the clinical output

   Dr. Dhaivat Shah
4. Students Gallery 7 min read

   Ten Pearls in the Management of Paralytic Strabismus

   Paralytic strabismus is an incomitant strabismus resulting from complete (paralysis) or partial (paresis) motor deficiency of one or a group of extraocular muscles, which are supplied by the third, fourth or sixth cranial nerve. 1 History and basic examination Paralytic strabismus may be congenital or acquired. Careful history-taking will rule out an antecedent fever, trauma, neurological symptoms, or systemic illness in acquired cases. Patients complain of ocular deviation, limitation of ocular movements or abnormal head posture. Diplopia is usually a feature of recent-onset strabismus but congenital cases with spontaneous decompensation may also present with diplopia. Facial asymmetry can be noted in some congenital superior oblique palsy(SOP) with a head tilt. Visual acuity is usually preserved in isolated acquired paralytic strabismus. Amblyopia develops only in patients in whom paralysis occurs early and when the patient is unable to maintain binocular single vision in any gaze. F

   Dr. Karthika Bhaskaran · Dr. Pradeep Sharma
5. Students Gallery 3 min read

   Ten Mistakes One Should Avoid in Small Incision Cataract Surgery

   Mastering Small Incision Cataract Surgery (SICS) lays a solid foundation for achieving sutureless cataract surgery in the majority of the cases. This article aims to bring forth some commonly committed errors in SICS. Nuclear grade: Though a surgeon is not expected to choose a patient, but a beginner should avoid extremes of nuclear grade. A grade 3 nucleus with a 6mm external incision and >6mm capsulorrhexis, are the most comfortable to manage initially. Only topical anesthesia! Anesthesia is meant to make the patient comfortable and the choice depends on the patient’s cooperation, condition of the eye, and the surgeon’s expertise. Attempting topical anesthesia in an uncooperative patient, non-dilating pupil or a novice surgeon can result in disaster. Use of blunt knives The creation of a triplanar incision requires sharp knives. Blunt knives result in ragged wounds and premature entry due to the application of excessive pressure. A poorly constructed wound opens the door to the occur

   Dr. Ruchi Goel
6. Articles 11 min read

   Drug Induced Maculopathy: A Quick Look

   Generally all the drugs are likely to have some side effects. For ophthalmologists, it is essential to know the drugs which affect the vision or involve the eye as a part of their side-effects. This is a summary of the drugs causing damage to the posterior segment of the eye. Patterns of retinal toxicity: Disruption of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium Vascular damage Retinal folds Phenoithiazine Qunine sulfate Thioridazine Clofazimine Cholopromazine Deferoxamine Chloroquine derivatives Corticosteroid Chloroquine Cisplatin& carmustine Hydroxychloroquine Cisplatin & carmustine Qunine sulfate Aminogycoside Interferon Ergot derivatives Talc Phenylpropanolamine Oral contraceptives Cystoid macular edema Epinephrine Latanoprost Nicotinic acid Sulfa derivatives Hydroxychlorothiazide Acetazolamide Triamterene Metronidazole Chlorthalidone Crystalline retinopathy Uveitis Tamoxifen Talc Canthaxanthine Nitrofurantoin Methoxyflurane Rifabutin Cidofovir Miscellaneous Digoxin Methanol CHLOROQ

   Dr. Jay Chhablani
7. Articles 14 min read

   Coats Disease

   Introduction History In 1908 George Coats1 original description of the disease was based primarily on histopathologic examination of enucleated eyes and identified retinal vascular aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, intra- and subretinal hemorrhages, and exudates. Coats categorized eyes with these characteristic morphologic findings into three groups: Group I demonstrated massive subretinal exudate alone, group II consisted of eyes with massive subretinal exudate, intra and subretinal hemorrhage, and retinal vascular dilatations, and group III included eyes with subretinal exudate and retinal arteriovenous malformations. Von Hippel2 later identified group III as a separate entity, angiomatosis retinae, which led to the exclusion of this group from the spectrum of Coats disease. In 1912, Theodor Leber3 described a disorder with similar retinal vascular abnormalities to Coats disease, but without massive subretinal exudate, hemorrhage, and serous retinal detachment. This became know

   Dr. Aditya Bansal · Dr. Vikas Khetan
8. Articles 15 min read

   The Effects & Techniques of Scleral Buckle in Treatment of Retinal Detachment

   Introduction: Scleral buckle surgery is indicated for uncomplicated rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. Scleral buckling indents the sclera and the overlying choroid retinal pigment epithelium complex towards the retinal break in the detached retina, resulting in retinal reattachment. Scleral buckle surgery evolved out of the works of Jules Gonin, who identified retinal breaks as the cause of retinal detachment, Custodis, Lincoff and Schepens who devised ways of using an epi / intrascleral implant to “buckle” the sclera inward to create the indent.1-3 Principles of scleral buckling: The aim of scleral buckling is to close all retinal breaks to achieve permanent reattachment of the retina. General principles of retinal detachment surgery- Search for the breaks, find all the breaks, seal all the breaks, and relieve vitro retinal traction. This is achieved by - Identification of the retinal break Retinopexy – creating a sterile inflammatory reaction that would result subsequently in chori

   Dr. P. Mahesh Shanmugam · Dr. Pradeep Sagar · +3 others
9. Interesting Reads 5 min read

   Ten Tips for Beginners to Start Vitreoretinal Practice

   1. Higher cause/vision and mission statement : Setting up a vitreoretinal surgery / medical retina practice should come with a higher calling apart from simply making a living. It is very important to have one to sail through tough initial months or years till your practice reached a break-even point. Till the business starts making money this higher calling will keep up your spirits high and motivate you to continue the journey. Having worked in for seven years in other eye hospitals where the primary interest was in cataract and refractive surgery and when the sustainability of stand-alone retina practice was questionable, for me the higher calling was to establish a center for excellence in diseases of vitreoretina and uvea. 2. Base building: It is always good to work in established hospitals or in group practices or with anterior segment surgeons for a couple of years to learn many things that are not taught in medical schools apart from building a base of your satisfied patients a

   Dr. Raja Rami Reddy P
10. Articles 20 min read

    Acanthamoeba Keratitis: A review for the Postgraduates

    Eye diseases affecting the cornea are a major cause of blindness worldwide. Among different infectious agents, bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoans may be causes of keratitis. This article is about the keratitis caused by protozoa. Three amoebic parasites are thought to be significant to human disease, entamoeba which is responsible for amoebic dysenter, naegleria which causes amoebic meningoencephalitis and acanthamoeba which is known for causing keratitis and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis. Acanthamoeba is a ubiquitous, free living protozoa of the subphyla Sarcodina. It is considered as opportunistic pathogen in humans. Acanthamoeba keratitis is a potentially devastating corneal infection which can lead to severe visual loss. Epidemiology: Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK), is rare in the general population (estimated incidence: 1.4 per million person- year) but much frequent in contact lens wearers. The incidence of the disease in developed countries is approximately 1-33 cases per

    Dr. Hema Joshi, MBBS, DO, DNB

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