1. Articles 5 Apr 2020 10 min read

   Pseudophakic Cystoid Macular Edema

   Pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) is a common cause of visual impairment after cataract surgery. This article systematically reviews and discusses the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of PCME, with a focus on advances in the past 1–2 years.In 1953, Irvine described a cystoid macular edema (CME) that specifically arised after cataract surgery.1 Gass and Norton subsequently studied the characteristics of the new disease entity with fluorescein angiography.2,3 Despite advances in cataract surgery, cystoid macular oedema (CMO) is still recognised as one of the most common causes of poor visual outcome following cataract surgery.4 Clinical cystoid macular edema(CCME) produces a variable degree of eyesight deterioration, in a percentage between 0.2 and 13%of patients operated for cataract with or without complications.5,6,7 Studies have shown that 12% of patients may have retinal thickening following uncomplicated cataract surgery.8 Retinal thickening most commonl

   AM SG Priyank Garg · Dr. Anu Malik · +1 other
2. Articles 5 Apr 2020 19 min read

   Central Serous Choroidopathy

   Introduction Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is one of several chorioretinal disorders characterized by serous detachment of the neurosensory retina and ? or the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). CSC is one of the 10 most common diseases of the posterior segment of the eye and a frequent cause of mild to moderate visual impairment.1 History of the disease2,3,4,5,6 1866 – Von graefe – first described the disease as recurrent serous retinitis. 1916 – Fuch’s work on the disease was appreciated. 1927 – Horniker – named disease as “Central Angiospastic Retinitis” 1930 – Walsh & Sloane – “idiopathic flat detachment of macula” 1930 – Gifford and Marquardt - Theory on Angioneurotic diathesis. 1953 – Klien – theory on autonomic nervous system dysfunction. 1950’s – Bennett & Maumenee – spectrum of macular disciform degeneration. 1955 – Bennett – “central serous retinopathy” 1960’s – Maumenee and Gass – FA appearance of CSC. 1967 – Gass – “central serous choroidopathy” Definition Active CS

   AC SN Priyank Garg · Arindam Chakravarti · +1 other
3. Articles 5 Apr 2020 14 min read

   In Vitro Cataract Classification Systems : A Review

   In early days, since the whole lenses were readily available from intracapsular cataract surgery, so the early systems of cataract classification1,2,3 were developed for use almost exclusively with isolated lenses. These systems were largely qualitative, and they emphasized nuclear color as the index of the severity of cataract formation; lighting systems that improved visualization of cortical and subcapsular morphologic detail had not been developed. Before 1976, lens and cataract research emphasized studies of animal lenses, and researchers erroneously believed these animal lenses to be adequate models of the human lens. In 1976, the CCRG was established to increase understanding of the mechanisms of human cataract formation. One of the CCRG's goals was to establish a lens classification system to help lens researchers study the biochemical and biophysical properties of the cataractous lens and compare them with those of normal lenses. Such a system would facilitate biochemical, bio

   BV BG Baweja V · Brar GS
4. Blog 14 Mar 2020 17 min read

   The Lost Goat and One Ophthalmologist

   After joining the medical profession, almost all doctors came to know that apart from treating a patient, he has to give sympathetic answers to all the queries that arise deep down in the hearts of the patients. These questions according to cricket terminology, come to you as “good length” or “too wide”. You have to listen carefully, patiently, and answer. After finishing the questionnaire, he can ask the same question once again. Don’t feel bad about that. After the patient has finished asking questions, the patient’s wife will again ask the same questions separately, then the patient’s uncle and then the patient’s cousin, who had come with him but was all along standing outside puffing at a cigarette or had gone out to have tea, will come back and ask the same questions. After that, the patient will find out somebody, who is known to the doctor and through him will ask the same questions about a week later. He may ask the same questions while having ice-cream together with you having

   Dr. Jyotirmay Biswas
5. Blog 14 Mar 2020 5 min read

   How to Present a Scientific Paper

   It's true that Computer is indeed a boon to a scientist making a presentation. Yet it is important that the presenter himself is adequately prepared for a good presentation. He needs to plan carefully and follow a few basic steps. A good scientific presentation starts from the time a paper is conceived. If you want to present a good paper, ensure that the concept is good, well thought, designed aptly, results well analysed and valid conclusions are made. You should have your ground work done and write the draft of the paper, before embarking on a presentation. A well-written draft will provide the frame work of a good presentation. Your work starts as soon as you hear that the paper has been accepted. After acceptance, you need to plan the slides, the slide text and rehearsals to fine-tune the talk. How many slides do you need? - It depends on your presentation. For an eight minute presentation it is ideal to have seven pairs or 11 to 12 pairs at the maximum, assuming each slide will t

   Dr. Jyotirmay Biswas
6. Blog 14 Mar 2020 7 min read

   An Autobiography of an Unknown Uveitis Specialist

   I know autobiography is usually written by great man e. g a great leader, president of a country, political leaders, a great sportsman, especially a cricketer, even a CBI director, or election commissioner. The great Nirod C Chowdhury wrote an autobigraphy of an unknown Indian. These autobiographies often disclose startling facts, relationships which sometimes cause real uproar in the society. Actually such controversies increase the sale of the book. I thought of writing this memoir not to raise any controversy or preach anything. To the best of my knowledge an autobiography has never been written by an uveitis specialist. Probably their life has often remained within haze of flare or cells in the fluid in the anterior chamber of the eye or in the vitreous cavity. In the year 1987 I became a consultant. Instead of becoming a vitreoretinal surgeon, I became the specialist (supposed to be) after fellowship in the vitreoretinal surgery to not that area rather little closer to it, which i

   Dr. Jyotirmay Biswas
7. Blog 25 Feb 2020 5 min read

   The Day My Patient Died

   This patient had come from 1200 km away. He was a 35 year old male with rheumatoid arthritis with bilateral corneal opacities with bilateral peripheral corneal melts. In addition, the left eye had facial palsy with corneal exposure on attempted lid closure. Vision was only perception of light with accurate projection both eyes. He had multiple medical problems besides his rheumatoid arthritis. He gave history of stroke with left sided hemiparesis 6 months prior. There was still residual weakness of motor function left upper extremity as well as left facial palsy as mentioned earlier. He had aortic stenosis with aortic regurgitation. However, he had been investigated extensively by a local cardiologist, including 2D echo studies and pronounced “fit for surgery”. After discussion with my anaesthetist, it was decided to do bilateral amniotic membrane transplant with left eye lateral one-third tarsorapphy under general anaesthesia. She felt that the ejection fraction of the heart was good,

   Dr. Quresh Maskati, MS, FCPS, DOMS, FICS
8. Blog 21 Feb 2020 4 min read

   Ramblings of a white bearded Ophthalmologist

   It gives me great pleasure to interact with fellow ophthalmologists through this blog. Those of you who are reading this but for some strange reason are not yet AIOS members; please assume I am annoyed with you. You may even stop reading at this point. To the rest of the "normal" readers, I wish you a wonderful 2016 Let us start at the beginning and recount a couple of interesting episodes from my student days in GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai. As an undergraduate student, I get a foreign body, cornea. I rush to the eye OPD at 8am on a weekday, with pain redness, watering and FB sensation, OD. The houseman (junior resident) on duty examines me and pronounces gravely, “you have a FB on cornea” and takes me to the registrar (senior resident). He looks at it with an even more powerful torch and repeats the same diagnosis. I am now escorted to the lecturer and my history and the examination findings are repeated to him. He takes me to the regular slit lamp and after a careful

   Dr. Quresh Maskati, MS, FCPS, DOMS, FICS
9. Blog 21 Feb 2020 6 min read

   “There is no “right” or “wrong” technique for cataract surgery.”: Dr.Uday Devgan

   eOphtha: First of all, where in the evolution of cataract surgery, is phacoemulsification placed if we consider the room for future development too? Uday Devgan: Ophthalmology is a field that is always moving forwards – never sitting still. And while we see phacoemulsification as a great procedure now, there’s no doubt that there will be a better procedure in the future. Look at today – the way you do cataract surgery now is quite different that it was done just 10 years ago. Just think: what if we could emulsify the cataract while still in the capsular bag using a femtosecond laser, then make a small 1-mm peripheral rhexis through which we would aspirate the entire lens material, and then fill the capsular bag with an injectable polymer which would provide accommodation? I’m simply daydreaming about the future, but there will be something better for sure. eOphtha: What are the areas where one can improve comprising the method or the surgical skills? Uday Devgan: Surgeons must be able

   Dr. Uday Devgan, MD, FACS, FRCS(Glasg)
10. Blog 21 Feb 2020 4 min read

    Five Tips for the Postgraduate to Start Publishing

    Post graduation can be a daunting task with a lot to imbibe in very little time. In ophthalmology, the science is changing ever so rapidly that a three-year residency period is almost too little to grasp the nuances of the subject. In addition to learning examination skills, you have to learn surgical skills and read literature to keep yourselves updated. Amongst all this, how do you find time to publish papers during residency? Does it really matter whether you publish any papers during this time? Are there any advantages you score over your peers if you manage to publish a few papers? I certainly have experienced the riches of publishing some meaningful papers during my residency. How I managed to do it can be read here (Click here to read the article). In this write up, I will share with you some tips on how you can start publishing during residency itself : Tip 1: Be in touch with the evolving literature Subscribe to E-Table of contents of all the major ophthalmic journals and read

    Dr. Sabyasachi Sengupta

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