Sandeep Saxena

M.S., MAMS

Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, CSM Medical University,(Erstwhile King Georges Medical University), Lucknow, India. e-mail: sandeepsaxena2020@yahoo.com

4 articles

  1. Articles 2 Apr 2021 38 min read

    Idiopathic Macular Hole

    Introduction Recent advances in the pathogenesis, classification, and surgical intervention of idiopathic macular holes have generated a renewed interest in this entity. Better indicators of the visual outcome, as well as refinements in the surgical technique, have led to improvements in the success of macular hole surgery. Clinical characterization and theories on the pathogenesis of macular hole have continued to evolve. Although originally thought to be the result of trauma, it is now recognized that most macular holes occur in the absence of antecedent injury and are referred to as idiopathic. Theories for the pathogenesis of idiopathic macular holes have included progressive thinning of the foveal tissue and pre hole cyst formation. The primary pathogenic role of the vitreous was suggested by studies that indicated a low relative risk for macular hole formation in eyes with complete posterior vitreous detachment. Gass proposed a theory whereby shrinkage of adherent cortical vitreo

    Sandeep Saxena, M.S., MAMS
  2. Articles 2 Apr 2021 14 min read

    Eales Disease: Current Concepts in Etiopathogenesis and Management

    Introduction Eales’ disease is an idiopathic retinal periphlebitis that primarily affects the peripheral retina in young adults. Eales’ disease was first described by Henry Eales, a British ophthalmologist, in 1880 and 1882.1,2 He found it in seven young, male patients ranging in age from 14 to 29 years with recurrent vitreous hemorrhage. In addition, these patients had history of headache, variation in peripheral circulation, chronic constipation and epistaxis. In the next century, the disease was redefined by several investigators. 3-6 Elliot first recognized the inflammation of retinal vein and described it as periphlebitis retinae.4 Subsequently several investigators documented both venular and arteriolar inflammation.5,7 Eales’ disease most commonly affects healthy young adult males and is an important cause of preventable blindness in young adults. The predominant age of onset of symptoms is 20-30 years. The disease is more commonly seen in the Indian subcontinent. However, it ha

    Sandeep Saxena, M.S., MAMS
  3. Articles 2 Apr 2021 6 min read

    Malarial Retinopathy: A Diagnostic Clue

    Introduction Malaria is the most important of parasitic diseases of humans and remains today, as it has been for centuries a large burden on tropical communities. Cerebral malaria is the most important complication of falciparum malaria and also the leading cause of death in malaria 1. It is defined as an acute, symmetric encephalopathy associated with sequestration of parasite-infected erythrocytes in the cerebral vessels and capillaries in patients with falciparum malaria 2. WHO Criteria for Diagnosis The World Health Organization has laid down definite guidelines for diagnosis and management of cerebral malaria 3. This definition requires the presence of unarousable coma using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), exclusion of other encephalitides, especially bacterial meningitis and if possible, locally prevalent encephalitis and the presence of asexual forms of P. falciparum in the blood film. Retinal Involvement in Cerebral Malaria Eye being an extension of the brain, retina provides a u

    Sandeep Saxena, M.S., MAMS · Shaili Misra, MBBS · +1 other
  4. PowerPoint 10 Aug 2020 1 min read

    Anti VEGF Drugs

    Anti VEGF Drugs

    Sandeep Saxena, M.S., MAMS