Cornea Edema : Ready Reckoner for the Post Graduates
Corneal edema is defined as the increase in the thickness of cornea due to the accumulation of extracellular fluid in epithelium and stroma resulting in loss of corneal transparency. Pathophysiology: Cornea remains in a relatively dehydrated state maintaining a 78% hydration level. Corneal hydration depends on 5 factors. 1. Stromal swelling pressure (SP) This is the tendency of stroma to swell due to interfibrillary proteoglycans and other proteins. The normal stromal pressure is 55mmHg. Imbibition pressure (IP) โ It is a negative pressure exerted by glycosaminoglycans by which fluid is drawn into the cornea. Intraocular pressure (IOP) = SP + IP 2. Barrier function The epithelium (Zonula occludens tight junction) offers twice the resistance to water flow compared to the endothelium (macula occludens tight junction) and the electrolyte resistance is 200 times higher in the epithelium than endothelium.1 3. Endothelial pump The endothelium pump function ensures, through active transport,

