Dr. Ramesh Venkatesh

Consultant, Vitreoretina services, Narayana Nethralaya, Rajaji Nagar, Bangalore 560010.

4 articles

He completed his basic medical education from the reputed Sir J.J Group of Hospitals and Grant Medical College, Mumbai and post-graduation from Topiwala Nair Medical College, Mumbai in 2008. He completed his research-cum-clinical Vitreoretina fellowship at Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, from 2008-2011. He was working with Dr. Shroffs Charity Eye Hospital, Delhi from 2012-2017. He has a keen interest in academics, research and patient care. His areas of interests include management of retinal vascular disorders like diabetic retinopathy and vascular occlusions, ARMD and minimally invasive vitreous surgery (MIVS) for management of retinal detachments, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, trauma and endophthalmitis. In his previous engagement with Dr. Shroffs Charity Eye Hospital, he was in-charge for the screening of preterm babies for ROP. He has made several presentations in local and national-level conferences and has many publications in national and international peer-reviewed journals to his credit. He has attended many workshops in research methodology and statistics. He is a member of the Vitreo Retinal Society of India, All India Ophthalmological Society, Delhi Ophthalmological Society, Rajasthan Ophthalmology Society and Maharashtra Ophthalmology Society.

  1. Articles 21 May 2023 9 min read

    Seven Important OCT Signs in CNVM

    1. Type of macular neovascularisation (MNV): Macular neovascularisation (MNV) is a broad disease entity characterised by the development of the abnormal vessels arising either from the retinal vasculature (deep capillary plexus) or choroidal vasculature (choriocapillaris). Choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) is a subtype of MNV, characterised by the abnormal growths of blood vessels from the choroidal capillaries that penetrate the retina, specifically into the sub-RPE and subretinal spaces. These vessels are extremely immature and extremely fragile, so they bleed and leak, de-structuring the macula, causing severe visual impairment. The classification of MNV is depicted below in Figure 1: Figure 1: A simple classification of macular neovascularisation (MNV): 2. Cause of CNVM: A CNVM is primarily classified based on the etiology into two categories: A) Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) associated CNVM and B) Non-AMD associated CNVMs. Causes of non-AMD associated CNVMs: Central s

    Dr. Ramesh Venkatesh · FVRF (Sankara Nethralaya) · +2 others
  2. Articles 13 Feb 2023 11 min read

    Optical Coherence Tomography Biomarkers in Diabetic Macular Edema

    One of the major microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus is diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic macular edema (DME) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy are the most common causes of vision loss in diabetic retinopathy. Pathogenesis of DME: A simplified understanding of the pathogenesis of DME formation is depicted in Figure 1: The role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inflammation in the pathogenesis of DME is depicted in Figure 2: OCT is a non-invasive imaging technique that is widely used in routine retina practice to obtain a high-definition cross section of all retinal layers and to measure their thickness. Recent advances in OCT imaging, such as the introduction of spectral-domain and swept source-based optical coherence tomography (OCT) and enhanced depth imaging, have enabled clinicians to detect and understand the various aspects of DME formation and treatment. This article will discuss the role of various OCT imaging biomarkers in identifying diabetic ma

    Dr. Ramesh Venkatesh · Aishwarya Joshi · +1 other
  3. Articles 16 Jun 2021 14 min read

    OCT-Angiography in Retinal Diseases Made Incredibly Simple For Post Graduates

    Introduction: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) has emerged as a novel imaging technique for visualizing the retinal and choroidal microvasculature at the macula and optic disc.1 It provides in vivo 3D vascular information by analyzing the movement of flowing red blood cells and thereby enabling the visualization and quantification of functional vessel networks within microcirculatory tissue beds in a non-invasive manner without the use of dye injection.2 Understanding the anatomy of retinal and choroidal microvasculature (figure 1): Retinal microvasculature: Studies have identified 4 retinal vascular capillary networks at the macula which are broadly grouped into 2 vascular plexuses; superficial and deep.3 The superficial vascular plexus (SVP) consists of the superficial capillary plexus and radial peripapillary capillary plexus. The former is located in the ganglion cell layer and the latter in the retinal nerve fibre layer. The SVP receives its blood supply from the c

    Dr. Ramesh Venkatesh · Dr. Nikitha Gurram Reddy · +1 other
  4. Articles 1 Apr 2021 17 min read

    Fundus Fluorescein Angiography and Indocyanine Green Angiography: Made Easy for the Postgraduates

    Introduction and Gross Anatomy: The retinal and choroidal circulatory system can be visualized in vivo in the presence of normal media clarity. Many important diseases of the retina are related to or associated with the changes in the vasculature of the retina and/or choroid. Hence, it is important to understand the circulatory systems involved to better recognize disease states of the posterior segment. The retinal and choroidal vascular anatomy can be basically divided into 3 parts: Retinal and choroidal vasculature Superficial and deep capillary plexus Inner and outer blood-retinal barriers A: Retinal and Choroidal Vasculature: The retina receives its nutrition from two discrete circulatory systems—the retinal and the choroidal blood vessels. Both are derived from the ophthalmic artery, which is the first branch of the internal carotid artery. The major branches of the ophthalmic artery are the posterior ciliary arteries, the central retinal artery, and the muscular branches. [1] Th

    Dr. Ramesh Venkatesh · Dr. Sajjan Sangai · +1 other