Facial Spasms: Diagnosis and Management
Introduction Dystonia is defined as a movement disorder characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle contractions causing abnormal, often repetitive, movements, postures, or both [1]. They may be isolated or combined with other neurological symptoms or movement disorders [1]. Dystonia is classified based on the age of onset, etiology, clinical features, and body distribution. The body distribution may be either focal, segmental, multifocal, generalized, or hemi-dystonia. Only one region of the body is affected by focal dystonia. It emerges in late adulthood [1]. Patients with movement disorders isolated to the facial region often visit an Ophthalmologist. A brief knowledge about the identification and differentiation of the various facial movement disorders is essential. The disorder can be functionally or socially distressing to the patients. The facial movement disorders include orbicularis myokymia, Benign Essential Blepharospasm (BEB), Apraxia of Lid Opening (ALO), Hemifacial

