Remember the refractive indices of ocular media with 8303 (from anterior to posterior)
cornea 1.38
aq humour 1.33
lens 1.40
vit humour 1.33
Remember the types of colour blindness with TuB PaR DoG
TRITOANOPES = BLUE
PROTOANOPES = RED
DEUTROANOPES= GREEN
Remember the causes of lid retraction with 4 MP
4M= Myasthenia Gravis,Marcus Gunn jaw winkling syndrome,Myotonic causes like dystrophica myotonica.Metabolic cuses like uraemia,cirrhosis
4P=Perinauds syndrome,Parkinson's Disease/Progressive supranuclear palsy,Ptosis of other eye,Palsy (aberrant III crnaial nerve regeneration)
Remember content & veins draining the Cavernous Sinus with Rule of 3
3 Afferent veins: Sphenoparietal sinus (Vault veins), Supf Middle cerebral Vein (Brain), Ophthalmic vein (Orbit)
3 Efferent Veins: Superior petrosal sinus, Inferior Petrosal Sinus, Communicating vein to pterygoid plexus
3 Contents; Cranial Nerves (III,IV, V1,V2 & VI)
3 Areas Drain into it: Vault Bones, Brain (Cerebral Hemisphere), Orbit
3 Nerves: Motor(III,IV,VI),Sensory (V1,V2), Sympathetic
Remember the causes of pseudo tumor cerebri with " Idiopathic IDEA"
Idiopathic
Infections-Otitis media,mastoiditis,viral infections etc
Drugs-Steroid withdrawl,Vitamin A intoxication,Nalidixic acid,amidarone,cyclosporin,minocycline
Endocrine-obese,amennorrheic woman of child bearing age, Hypoparathyroidism
Anaemia
Remember the causes of downbeat nystagmus with DoWNBEAT
Degeneration,Demyelination or Drugs (Lithium)
Wernicke's Encephalopathy
Neoplasm or paraneoplastic cerebeller degeneration
Brainstem disease (Syringomyelia)
Encephalitis
Arnold-Chiari malformation
Trauma or Toxin
Remember characteristics of congenital nystagmus with CONGENITAL
Convergence & eye closure dampens
Oscillopsia absent
Null zone that is present,increases foveation time which results in increased acuity
Gaze poisition doesnot change the horizontal direction of nystagmus
Equal amplitude and frequency in each eye
Near acuity is good
Inversion of optokinetic response
Turning of head to acheive null point
Abolishes in sleep
Latent (occlusion) nystagmus occurs
Remember "DWARF" for decribing Nystagmus
Direction=plane of movement-horizontal,vertical
Waveform= Pendular or Jerky
Amplitude= fine or coarse
Rest=At primary position or gaze evolked
Frequency= How often the eye moves
Remember the characteristics of Perinaud's Dorsal Midbrain Syndrome with "CLUES"
Convergence retraction nystagmus
Lightnear Dissociation
Upgaze paralysis
Eyelid retraction
Skew deviation
Remember ocular features of acromegaly with ACROM
Angiod streaks
Chiasmal syndrome
Retinopathy
Optic atrophy,papilloedema
Muscle enlargement
Remember the systemic features of Marfan syndrome with MARFANS
Mitral prolapse
Aortic dissection
Regurgitant aortic valve
Fingers long (arachnodactyly)
Arm span>height
Nasal voice (high arched palate)
Sternal excavation
Remember the ocular features of Marfan’s syndrome with CLUMPS
Cupping (glaucoma)
Lattice
Upward lens subluxation
Myopia
Cornea Plana
Sclera blue
Remember angle structures with "I Can See Till Schwalbe's Line"
Iris root
Cilliary Body
Scleral spur
Trabecular Meshwork
Schwalbe's Line
